Permalloy, Tube,,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:MIL-N-14411 C ASTM A753，German Specs:

### **Permalloy - Tube Product Overview** **Permalloy** is a nickel-iron soft magnetic alloy renowned for its extremely high magnetic permeability and low coercivity. The **Tube** form provides precision tubular components for applications requiring exact dimensional control and superior magnetic performance in cylindrical configurations. * **Common Names:** Permalloy Tube, High Permeability Nickel-Iron Alloy Tube * **Key Variants:** Permalloy 45 Tube, Permalloy 80 Tube --- #### **1. Chemical Composition** | Element | Permalloy 45 (%) | Permalloy 80 (%) | |---------|------------------|------------------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | 45-50 | 77-83 | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Balance | | **Molybdenum (Mo)** | - | 0.5-2.0 | | **Copper (Cu)** | - | 3-5 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.30-0.60 | 0.30-0.60 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.10-0.30 | 0.10-0.30 | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.02 max | 0.02 max | --- #### **2. Physical Properties** | Property | Permalloy 45 | Permalloy 80 | |----------|--------------|--------------| | **Density (g/cm³)** | 8.17 | 8.74 | | **Melting Point (°C)** | 1420 | 1450 | | **Curie Temperature (°C)** | 440 | 460 | | **Electrical Resistivity (μΩ·m)** | 0.45 | 0.55 | | **Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K)** | 18 | 16 | | **Thermal Expansion (μm/m·°C)** | 12.0 | 12.5 | --- #### **3. Magnetic Properties** | Property | Permalloy 45 | Permalloy 80 | |----------|--------------|--------------| | **Initial Permeability (μi)** | 2,500-4,000 | 20,000-50,000 | | **Maximum Permeability (μmax)** | 25,000-50,000 | 70,000-150,000 | | **Saturation Induction (T)** | 1.5-1.6 | 0.70-0.82 | | **Coercive Force (A/m)** | 8-16 | 1.2-2.4 | | **Residual Induction (T)** | 0.4-0.6 | 0.15-0.30 | --- #### **4. Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)** **Tube Mechanical Characteristics:** * **Tensile Strength:** 470-540 MPa * **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** 240-310 MPa * **Elongation:** 30-40% in 2 inches * **Hardness:** 63-78 HRB * **Modulus of Elasticity:** 150-155 GPa * **Collapse Pressure:** Varies with diameter-to-wall thickness ratio --- #### **5. Product Specifications & Applications** **Tube Specifications:** * **Diameter Range:** 1.0 mm to 100 mm OD * **Wall Thickness:** 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm * **Length:** Standard 1-4 meters, custom lengths available * **Tolerance:** OD ±0.1 mm (<10 mm), ±0.5% (>10 mm) * **Wall Tolerance:** ±10% standard, ±5% available * **Surface Finish:** 1.6 μm Ra standard, 0.8 μm Ra available **Types Available:** * **Seamless Tube:** For high-integrity magnetic applications * **Drawn Tube:** Precision dimensional control * **Welded & Redrawn Tube:** Economical precision tubing * **Annealed Tube:** Optimized magnetic properties **Primary Applications:** **Electronics & Instrumentation:** * **CRT Display Shields:** Magnetic shielding for cathode ray tubes * **Photomultiplier Tubes:** Magnetic shielding for PMT assemblies * **Sensor Protection Tubes:** Magnetic shielding for sensitive sensors * **Transformer Cores:** Precision tubular core elements **Scientific & Research:** * **Physics Research:** Beam line components and experimental apparatus * **Laboratory Equipment:** Magnetic shielding for sensitive instruments * **Cryogenic Applications:** Magnetic components for low-temperature systems * **Vacuum System Components:** Magnetic shielding in vacuum environments **Medical & Healthcare:** * **MRI System Components:** Peripheral magnetic shielding elements * **Medical Sensors:** Shielding tubes for sensitive medical detection systems * **Research Equipment:** Components for medical research instruments **Industrial Applications:** * **Current Transformers:** Precision tubular cores * **Magnetic Sensors:** Shielded housings for industrial sensors * **Testing Equipment:** Components for magnetic measurement systems --- #### **6. International Standards** | Standard Type | Standard Number | Title / Specification | |---------------|----------------|----------------------| | **ASTM** | **ASTM A753** | Standard Specification for Nickel-Iron Soft Magnetic Alloys | | **ASTM** | **ASTM B751** | Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Seamless Tube | | **IEC** | **IEC 60404-8-6** | Metallic Magnetic Materials | | **MIL-SPEC** | **MIL-N-14411** | Nickel-Iron Magnetic Alloys | | **AMS** | **AMS 7701/7702** | Aerospace Material Specifications | | **DIN** | **DIN 17745** | Nickel-Iron Alloys with Special Magnetic Properties | --- #### **7. Manufacturing & Processing** **Fabrication Characteristics:** * **Tube Drawing:** Requires careful processing to maintain magnetic properties * **Bending:** Limited capability; requires annealing after severe deformation * **Machining:** Difficult due to work hardening; special techniques required * **Joining:** Soldering preferred; welding degrades local magnetic properties **Critical Heat Treatment:** * **Final Annealing:** 1100-1150°C in pure dry hydrogen atmosphere * **Stress Relief:** 400-500°C after fabrication * **Cooling Rate:** Controlled cooling >100°C/hour through Curie point * **Atmosphere Control:** Essential for optimal magnetic properties **Quality Control:** * **Dimensional Verification:** OD, wall thickness, and concentricity measurement * **Magnetic Testing:** Permeability verification on representative samples * **Surface Quality:** Visual and microscopic examination * **Metallurgical Quality:** Grain structure assessment --- #### **8. Design Considerations** **Wall Thickness Selection:** * **Ultra-Thin Wall (0.1-0.5 mm):** For miniature electronic shielding * **Thin Wall (0.5-1.5 mm):** For standard instrument applications * **Medium Wall (1.5-3.0 mm):** For enhanced magnetic shielding * **Heavy Wall (3.0-5.0 mm):** For maximum shielding effectiveness **Magnetic Performance Optimization:** * **Shielding Effectiveness:** Proportional to wall thickness and material permeability * **Frequency Range:** Most effective for DC and low-frequency fields (<100 kHz) * **Geometric Considerations:** Cylindrical symmetry enhances shielding performance * **Joint Design:** Critical for maintaining magnetic circuit continuity --- **Summary** **Permalloy Tube** provides precision tubular solutions for applications requiring exact dimensional control and superior magnetic performance in cylindrical configurations. The availability of both Permalloy 45 (with higher saturation induction) and Permalloy 80 (with higher permeability) allows engineers to select the optimal material based on specific application requirements. The tube form enables the creation of effective magnetic shields and flux conduits for precise cylindrical applications, providing excellent magnetic performance in sensitive electronic instrumentation, scientific research equipment, medical devices, and specialized industrial systems. Compliance with **ASTM A753** and other international standards ensures material consistency and performance reliability for demanding magnetic applications. Proper heat treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, careful fabrication techniques, and appropriate handling are essential to maintain the exceptional magnetic properties that define the Permalloy family in tubular form. These precision tubes are indispensable components in applications where reliable magnetic performance in cylindrical configurations is critical to system operation.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2551 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.