Nickel 92/Manganese 8 Alloy,Nickel Manganese Alloy.Ni8Mn Alloy，1

### **Nickel 92/Manganese 8 Alloy (Ni₉₂Mn₈) - Thermocouple and Electrical Alloy** #### **Overview** **Nickel 92/Manganese 8 Alloy** is a specialized nickel-manganese alloy primarily known for its use as the negative leg (ALUMEL®) in Type K thermocouples. This alloy exhibits excellent thermoelectric stability, good oxidation resistance, and reliable performance across a wide temperature range. The specific composition of approximately 92% nickel and 8% manganese creates optimal thermoelectric properties when paired with chromel (Ni-Cr alloy), making it indispensable for temperature measurement applications in various industrial and scientific fields. --- #### **Chemical Composition (Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Function | |---------|-------------|-----------| | **Nickel (Ni)** | **90.0-94.0%** | Base element providing matrix stability | | **Manganese (Mn)** | **7.0-9.0%** | Primary alloying element for thermoelectric properties | | **Silicon (Si)** | **1.0-2.0%** | Enhances oxidation resistance and stability | | **Aluminum (Al)** | **0.5-2.0%** | Improves high-temperature oxidation resistance | | **Iron (Fe)** | **≤ 0.5%** | Controlled impurity | | **Carbon (C)** | **≤ 0.1%** | Minimized for stability | | **Cobalt (Co)** | **≤ 0.1%** | Controlled impurity | | **Copper (Cu)** | **≤ 0.1%** | Controlled impurity | --- #### **Physical & Mechanical Properties** | Property | Value / Description | |----------|---------------------| | **Density** | **8.70 g/cm³** | | **Melting Point** | **1400-1450°C** (2552-2642°F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | **30-35 μΩ·cm** (at 20°C) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | **25-30 W/m·K** (at 20°C) | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | **13.0-14.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C** (20-500°C) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | **520-560 J/kg·K** | | **Curie Temperature** | **~150°C** (302°F) | | **Tensile Strength** | **550-700 MPa** | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | **250-400 MPa** | | **Elongation** | **25-40%** | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | **180-200 GPa** | | **Hardness** | **150-200 HV** | --- #### **Thermoelectric Properties** | Property | Value / Description | |----------|---------------------| | **Thermocouple Type** | **Type K (Negative Leg - ALUMEL®)** | | **Temperature Range** | **-200°C to +1260°C** (-328°F to +2300°F) | | **Seebeck Coefficient** | **-20 to -25 μV/°C** (against Pt at 100°C) | | **EMF Output** | **Approximately -3.5 mV at 500°C** (reference junction at 0°C) | | **Stability** | **Excellent long-term stability** | | **Response Time** | **Fast response characteristics** | --- #### **Key Characteristics & Applications** **Key Characteristics:** - **Excellent Thermoelectric Properties**: Stable and predictable EMF output - **Good Oxidation Resistance**: Performs well in oxidizing atmospheres - **High Temperature Stability**: Maintains properties up to 1260°C - **Good Mechanical Strength**: Suitable for rugged industrial applications - **Reliable Performance**: Consistent thermoelectric behavior over time - **Corrosion Resistance**: Resists various industrial atmospheres **Typical Applications:** - **Temperature Measurement**: Type K thermocouples for industrial processes - **Heat Treatment Furnaces**: Temperature monitoring and control - **Power Generation**: Boiler temperature monitoring in power plants - **Aerospace**: Engine temperature monitoring systems - **Chemical Processing**: Reactor temperature measurement - **Scientific Research**: Laboratory temperature measurement - **Glass Manufacturing**: Kiln and furnace temperature control - **Steel Production**: Process temperature monitoring --- #### **International Standards & Specifications** | Standard | Designation | Description | |----------|-------------|-------------| | **ASTM** | **E230** | Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables | | **IEC** | **60584-1** | Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF specifications | | **ASTM** | **E2181** | Standard Specification for ALUMEL Alloy | | **MIL** | **T-7995** | Military specification for thermocouple materials | | **DIN** | **43710** | German standard for thermocouple alloys | | **JIS** | **C1602** | Japanese industrial standard | | **UNS** | **N04061** | Unified Numbering System | --- #### **Manufacturing & Processing** **Available Forms:** - **Thermocouple Wire**: 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm diameter - **Bare Wire**: For custom thermocouple assembly - **Insulated Wire**: With various insulation materials - **Tube and Sheath**: For mineral insulated thermocouples - **Strip and Foil**: For special sensor applications **Processing Guidelines:** - **Annealing Temperature**: 800-900°C in controlled atmosphere - **Wire Drawing**: Capable of fine wire production - **Welding**: Compatible with standard welding techniques - **Forming**: Good ductility for various configurations - **Surface Treatment**: May require cleaning for optimal performance --- #### **Quality Control & Testing** - **Thermoelectric Calibration**: Verification against standard EMF tables - **Chemical Analysis**: Precise composition control - **Dimensional Accuracy**: Critical for wire diameters - **Homogeneity Testing**: Ensuring consistent thermoelectric properties - **High-Temperature Testing**: Performance verification at operating temperatures - **Insulation Resistance**: For insulated wire products --- #### **Comparison with Other Thermocouple Alloys** | Property | Ni₉₂Mn₈ (ALUMEL) | Ni₉₀Cr₁₀ (CHROMEL) | Copper-Constantan | |----------|-------------------|---------------------|-------------------| | **Temperature Range** | -200°C to 1260°C | -200°C to 1260°C | -200°C to 400°C | | **EMF Output** | Medium | High | High | | **Oxidation Resistance** | Good | Excellent | Poor | | **Cost** | Medium | Medium | Low | --- #### **Summary** **Nickel 92/Manganese 8 Alloy** represents a critical material in temperature measurement technology, serving as the fundamental negative element in Type K thermocouples - the most widely used thermocouple type globally. Its excellent thermoelectric stability, good oxidation resistance, and reliable performance across a broad temperature range make it indispensable for industrial process control, scientific research, and energy applications. The alloy's well-established manufacturing processes, comprehensive international standardization, and proven long-term reliability ensure its continued dominance in precision temperature measurement applications. While primarily known for its thermocouple applications, the material's balanced properties also make it suitable for various electrical and high-temperature applications where consistent performance and reliability are paramount.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3227 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.