Alloy 28，Incoloy 028 Sheet，UNS N08028,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:，German Specs:WS 1.4563

**Product Name:** Alloy 28 / Incoloy® 028 Sheet | UNS N08028 **Material Type:** Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Molybdenum Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet **Standard:** ASTM B668, ASME SB668, ASTM A480 --- ### **Overview** Alloy 28 Sheet (UNS N08028), commercially known as **Incoloy® 028**, is a nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel sheet specifically developed for superior resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion and other aggressive chemical environments. This sheet product combines exceptional corrosion resistance with excellent formability and weldability, making it ideal for fabricating chemical processing equipment, storage tanks, and various industrial components exposed to corrosive media. --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Exceptional Sulfuric Acid Resistance:** Optimized performance in sulfuric acid environments - **Superior Chloride Resistance:** Excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion - **Enhanced Fabricability:** Excellent forming and welding characteristics - **Good Mechanical Properties:** Balanced strength and ductility - **High Temperature Performance:** Maintains properties at elevated temperatures - **Cost-Effective Solution:** Long service life reduces maintenance costs --- ### **Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Element | Content (%) | |---------|-------------|---------|-------------| | Nickel (Ni) | 29.0-32.0 | Chromium (Cr) | 26.0-28.0 | | Iron (Fe) | Balance | Molybdenum (Mo) | 3.0-4.0 | | Copper (Cu) | 0.6-1.4 | Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.0 | | Silicon (Si) | ≤1.0 | Carbon (C) | ≤0.03 | | Nitrogen (N) | 0.15-0.25 | Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.03 | | Sulfur (S) | ≤0.03 | | | --- ### **Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Physical Properties** - **Density:** 8.0 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³) - **Melting Range:** 1370-1400°C (2500-2550°F) - **Thermal Expansion Coefficient:** 15.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 12.0 W/m·K at 100°C - **Electrical Resistivity:** 0.85 μΩ·m at 20°C #### **Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)** | Property | Typical Value | |----------|---------------| | Tensile Strength | 600-750 MPa (87-109 ksi) | | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 300-400 MPa (44-58 ksi) | | Elongation in 2" | 35-50% | | Hardness | 170-220 HB | | Shear Strength | 350-420 MPa (51-61 ksi) | --- ### **Product Specifications** #### **Sheet Specifications** - **Thickness Range:** 0.5 mm to 6.0 mm (0.020" to 0.250") - **Width Range:** 24" to 60" (600 mm to 1500 mm) - **Length:** Standard 96" to 240" (2400 mm to 6000 mm) - **Surface Finish:** 2B, No. 1, BA, or as specified - **Condition:** Solution Annealed and Pickled #### **Standard Specifications** - **ASTM B668:** UNS N08028 Sheet - **ASME SB668:** Sheet for ASME Code Applications - **ASTM A480:** General Requirements for Flat Products #### **Available Conditions** - Hot Rolled, Annealed and Pickled - Cold Rolled, Annealed and Pickled - Solution Annealed - Stress Relieved --- ### **International Standards & Certifications** - **UNS:** N08028 - **ASTM/ASME:** B668/SB668 - **EN:** 1.4563 (X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4) - **DIN:** 2.4603 - **ISO:** 9443 (Tolerances for Stainless Steel Sheet) - **Certifications:** NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU, ISO 15156 --- ### **Applications** #### **Chemical Processing Industry** - Sulfuric acid production equipment - Chemical processing equipment panels - Storage tank construction - Ductwork for corrosive fume handling - Reactor vessel linings - Process vessel fabrication #### **Oil & Gas Industry** - Process equipment for sour service - Heat exchanger panels - Offshore platform components - Flue gas desulfurization systems #### **Pollution Control Equipment** - Scrubber system components - FGD system ductwork - Waste water treatment equipment - Environmental protection systems #### **Pulp & Paper Industry** - Digester linings - Bleaching equipment components - Chemical recovery systems #### **Industrial Applications** - Heat exchanger panels - Industrial furnace components - Process equipment fabrications - Structural components in corrosive atmospheres --- ### **Fabrication Characteristics** #### **Forming Operations** - **Deep Drawing:** Good capabilities in annealed condition - **Bending:** Minimum bend radius 1-2 times thickness - **Roll Forming:** Suitable for all standard operations - **Stretch Forming:** Good elongation characteristics #### **Welding Procedures** - **Recommended Methods:** GTAW, GMAW, Resistance Welding - **Filler Metals:** Alloy 28, ERNiCrMo-4 - **Shielding Gas:** 100% Argon for GTAW - **Heat Input:** Moderate to low recommended #### **Cutting & Machining** - **Shearing:** Clean edges achievable - **Plasma Cutting:** Recommended for precise cuts - **Laser Cutting:** Excellent results - **Machining:** Use positive rake tools with coolant --- ### **Corrosion Resistance** #### **Chemical Resistance** - **Excellent:** Sulfuric acid (various concentrations and temperatures) - **Good:** Phosphoric acid, nitric acid, organic acids - **Resistant:** Chloride pitting and crevice corrosion - **Limited:** Hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid #### **Special Features** - High chromium content provides excellent oxidation resistance - Molybdenum enhances resistance to localized corrosion - Copper addition improves resistance to sulfuric acid - Balanced composition for wide corrosion resistance - Superior to 316L in chloride environments --- ### **Quality Assurance** #### **Testing & Inspection** - Chemical analysis certification - Mechanical property testing - Corrosion testing per ASTM G48 - Surface quality inspection - Dimensional verification #### **Certification** - Mill test certificates to EN 10204 3.1/3.2 - Full material traceability - NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 compliance - PED certification available --- ### **Design Considerations** #### **Allowable Stresses** | Temperature (°C) | Maximum Allowable Stress (MPa) | |------------------|-------------------------------| | -29 to 38 | 138 | | 100 | 138 | | 150 | 130 | | 200 | 122 | | 250 | 115 | #### **Fabrication Tips** - Maintain clean working environment - Use dedicated tools for nickel alloys - Avoid carbon steel contamination - Proper storage to prevent surface damage - Follow recommended welding procedures --- ### **Conclusion** Alloy 28/Incoloy® 028 Sheet provides an outstanding combination of corrosion resistance, formability, and fabrication versatility for handling aggressive chemical environments. Its superior performance in sulfuric acid and chloride-containing media, combined with excellent mechanical properties and ease of fabrication, makes it the material of choice for chemical processing equipment, storage tanks, and industrial components. The sheet form offers manufacturers and fabricators a reliable, cost-effective solution for constructing durable equipment that ensures long-term performance in the most demanding corrosive applications. --- *Incoloy® is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. All technical data are typical values and should be verified for specific applications. Consult manufacturer's specifications for project-specific requirements.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2696 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.