Alloy 28，Incoloy 028 Plate，UNS N08028,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:，German Specs:WS 1.4563

**Product Name:** Alloy 28 / Incoloy® 028 Plate | UNS N08028 **Material Type:** Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Molybdenum Austenitic Stainless Steel Plate **Standard:** ASTM B668, ASME SB668, ASTM A480 --- ### **Overview** Alloy 28 Plate (UNS N08028), commercially known as **Incoloy® 028**, is a nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel plate specifically formulated for exceptional resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion and other aggressive chemical environments. This plate product combines outstanding corrosion resistance with excellent mechanical properties and fabrication characteristics, making it ideal for pressure vessels, chemical processing equipment, and storage tanks in highly corrosive applications. --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Superior Sulfuric Acid Resistance:** Excellent performance in sulfuric acid service across various concentrations and temperatures - **Outstanding Chloride Resistance:** Enhanced resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking - **Excellent General Corrosion Resistance:** Suitable for wide range of corrosive media including phosphoric and nitric acids - **Good Mechanical Properties:** High strength and toughness maintained through thickness - **Excellent Fabricability:** Good weldability and formability characteristics - **High Temperature Capability:** Maintains properties at elevated temperatures --- ### **Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Element | Content (%) | |---------|-------------|---------|-------------| | Nickel (Ni) | 29.0-32.0 | Chromium (Cr) | 26.0-28.0 | | Iron (Fe) | Balance | Molybdenum (Mo) | 3.0-4.0 | | Copper (Cu) | 0.6-1.4 | Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.0 | | Silicon (Si) | ≤1.0 | Carbon (C) | ≤0.03 | | Nitrogen (N) | 0.15-0.25 | Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.03 | | Sulfur (S) | ≤0.03 | | | --- ### **Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Physical Properties** - **Density:** 8.0 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³) - **Melting Range:** 1370-1400°C (2500-2550°F) - **Thermal Expansion Coefficient:** 15.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 12.0 W/m·K at 100°C - **Specific Heat Capacity:** 450 J/kg·K at 100°C #### **Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)** | Property | Typical Value | |----------|---------------| | Tensile Strength | 600-750 MPa (87-109 ksi) | | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 300-400 MPa (44-58 ksi) | | Elongation in 2" | 35-50% | | Hardness | 170-220 HB | | Reduction of Area | 45-65% | --- ### **Product Specifications** #### **Plate Specifications** - **Thickness Range:** 1/8" to 6" (3.0 mm to 150 mm) - **Width Range:** 48" to 120" (1200 mm to 3000 mm) - **Length Range:** 96" to 480" (2400 mm to 12000 mm) - **Surface Finish:** No. 1, 2B, No. 8, or as required - **Condition:** Solution Annealed and Pickled #### **Standard Specifications** - **ASTM B668:** UNS N08028 Plate - **ASME SB668:** Plate for ASME Code Applications - **ASTM A480:** General Requirements for Stainless Steel Flat Products #### **Dimensional Tolerances** - **Thickness Tolerance:** Per ASTM A480 - **Flatness:** Standard and improved categories available - **Shearing Tolerance:** Standard commercial tolerances apply --- ### **International Standards & Certifications** - **UNS:** N08028 - **ASTM/ASME:** B668/SB668 - **EN:** 1.4563 (X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4) - **DIN:** 2.4603 - **ISO:** 9443 (Tolerances for Stainless Steel Plate) - **Certifications:** NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU, ISO 15156 --- ### **Applications** #### **Chemical Processing Equipment** - Sulfuric acid production equipment - Phosphoric acid evaporators and heat exchangers - Chemical reactors and pressure vessels - Process columns and distillation equipment - Storage tanks for corrosive chemicals - Mixing vessels and agitators #### **Oil & Gas Industry** - Pressure vessels for sour service - Heat exchanger shells - Process equipment components - Offshore platform components - Flue gas desulfurization systems #### **Pollution Control Equipment** - Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems - Scrubbers and absorbers - Waste water treatment equipment - Chemical waste processing vessels #### **Pulp & Paper Industry** - Digester vessels - Bleaching equipment - Chemical recovery systems - Process vessels #### **Industrial Applications** - Heat exchanger plates and shells - Industrial furnace components - Process equipment fabrications - Structural components in corrosive environments --- ### **Fabrication Characteristics** #### **Welding Procedures** - **Preferred Methods:** GTAW, GMAW, SMAW, SAW - **Filler Metals:** Alloy 28, ERNiCrMo-4, ENiCrMo-4 - **Preheat Temperature:** Not required - **Interpass Temperature:** <150°C (300°F) - **Post-Weld Heat Treatment:** Generally not required #### **Forming & Bending** - **Cold Forming:** Good capabilities - **Minimum Bend Radius:** 2-3 times plate thickness - **Hot Forming:** 1150-1250°C (2100-2280°F) when required - **Springback:** Approximately 15-20% for 90° bends #### **Machining** - **Machinability:** 45-55% of B1112 steel - **Cutting Speed:** Moderate speeds with positive rake tools - **Coolant:** Recommended for optimal tool life - **Chip Control:** Produces continuous chips --- ### **Corrosion Resistance** #### **Chemical Resistance** - **Excellent:** Sulfuric acid (various concentrations and temperatures) - **Good:** Phosphoric acid, nitric acid, organic acids - **Resistant:** Chloride pitting and crevice corrosion - **Limited:** Hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid #### **Special Features** - High chromium content provides excellent oxidation resistance - Molybdenum enhances resistance to localized corrosion - Copper addition improves resistance to sulfuric acid - Balanced composition for wide pH range service - Superior to conventional stainless steels in many corrosive environments --- ### **Quality Assurance** #### **Testing & Inspection** - Chemical analysis certification - Mechanical property testing - Corrosion testing per ASTM G48 - Ultrasonic testing available - Dimensional verification #### **Certification** - Mill test certificates to EN 10204 3.1/3.2 - Full material traceability - NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 compliance - PED certification for pressure equipment --- ### **Design Allowable Stresses** | Temperature (°C) | Maximum Allowable Stress (MPa) | |------------------|-------------------------------| | -29 to 38 | 138 | | 100 | 138 | | 150 | 130 | | 200 | 122 | | 250 | 115 | --- ### **Conclusion** Alloy 28/Incoloy® 028 Plate offers an exceptional combination of corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and fabrication versatility for handling sulfuric acid and other aggressive chemicals. Its superior performance in challenging chemical environments, combined with excellent weldability and formability, makes it the preferred choice for pressure vessels, chemical processing equipment, and storage tanks in corrosive service. The plate form provides designers and fabricators with reliable material for constructing durable equipment that ensures long-term performance and cost-effective operation in the most demanding industrial applications. --- *Incoloy® is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. All technical data are typical values and should be verified for specific applications. Consult manufacturer's specifications for project-specific requirements and applicable codes and standards.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2695 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.