Lithium ThiophenolateCAS #: 2973-86-6

Synonyms

 Thiophenol lithium salt, Li(SPh), Lithium thiophenoxide, LiSCu, Phenylthiolithium, Lithium benzenethiolate, Benzenethiol lithium salt, solution, Lithium phenylsulfanideLithium thiophenolate solution 1.0 M in THF

Compound Formula: C6H5SLi 

Molecular Weight: 116.106 

Appearance: Liquid 

Melting Point: N/A 

Boiling Point: 67 °C 

Density: 0.934 g/mL (25 °C, THF) 

Solubility in H2O: N/A 

Exact Mass: 116.027 g/mol 

Monoisotopic Mass: 116.027 g/mol

Product Introduction: Lithium Manganese Oxide (CAS #: 2973-86-6)

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn₂O₄), identified by CAS number 2973-86-6, is a widely used cathode material in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, valued for its high energy density, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benignity. Composed of lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), and oxygen (O), this inorganic compound features a spinel crystal structure that enables efficient lithium-ion intercalation and deintercalation, making it a key player in energy storage applications across consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary power systems.

Chemical & Physical Properties

LiMn₂O₄ exhibits a distinct set of properties that underpin its utility in battery technology:

Crystal Structure: Adopts a cubic spinel structure (space group Fd-3m), characterized by a framework of manganese oxide octahedra (MnO₆) with lithium ions occupying tetrahedral sites, facilitating rapid lithium-ion diffusion.

Voltage Profile: Delivers a nominal voltage of ~3.7 V vs. Li⁺/Li, providing higher energy output compared to lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) and making it suitable for high-voltage battery designs.

Theoretical Capacity: Offers a theoretical specific capacity of 148 mAh/g, with practical capacities ranging from 100–120 mAh/g in commercial batteries, balancing energy density and cycle stability.

Thermal Behavior: Demonstrates moderate thermal stability, with decomposition onset around 250°C, requiring careful cell design to manage heat during high-rate operation.

Electrochemical Kinetics: Exhibits fast ion diffusion and electron conductivity, enabling high-rate charging and discharging, a critical feature for applications like power tools and electric vehicles.

Key Applications in Energy Storage

Lithium Manganese Oxide (CAS 2973-86-6) is employed in a range of energy storage systems, leveraging its unique performance characteristics:

Portable Electronics: Powers devices such as smartphones, tablets, and digital cameras, where its high voltage and energy density enable compact, long-lasting batteries.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Used in battery packs for EVs and HEVs, particularly in combination with other cathode materials (e.g., nickel-cobalt-manganese oxides) to balance energy density, power output, and cost.

Power Tools: Ideal for cordless power tools (e.g., drills, saws) that require high current output and rapid charging, as LiMn₂O₄ supports high-rate discharge without significant capacity loss.

Stationary Energy Storage: Deployed in small to medium-scale stationary systems, such as backup power supplies and off-grid solar storage, where its cost-effectiveness and moderate cycle life meet practical energy needs.

Advantages Over Alternative Cathode Materials

LiMn₂O₄ offers several competitive advantages in battery applications:

Cost-Effectiveness: Manganese is abundant and low-cost compared to cobalt or nickel, reducing cathode material expenses and making batteries more affordable.

Environmental Compatibility: Contains no toxic heavy metals (e.g., cobalt), simplifying recycling processes and minimizing environmental impact during production and disposal.

High-Rate Performance: Enables fast charging and discharging, a critical requirement for applications demanding rapid energy delivery, such as power tools and EV acceleration.

Safety Profile: While less thermally stable than LiFePO₄, it is more stable than lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂), reducing the risk of thermal runaway in properly designed battery systems.

Synthesis & Quality Control

LiMn₂O₄ is synthesized using methods tailored to optimize its structural and electrochemical properties:

Solid-State Reaction: The most common industrial method, involving high-temperature (700–900°C) calcination of lithium sources (e.g., Li₂CO₃) and manganese oxides (e.g., MnO₂) in air, forming the spinel structure through diffusion-driven reactions.

Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Synthesis: Produces nanoscale particles with uniform size distribution, enhancing lithium-ion diffusion and rate capability. These methods use liquid precursors and controlled heating to achieve high-purity LiMn₂O₄.

Doping and Coating: Modifications such as doping with nickel, cobalt, or aluminum, or coating with lithium phosphate (Li₃PO₄), improve cycle stability by mitigating manganese dissolution at high voltages.

Quality control includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase purity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for particle morphology analysis, and galvanostatic cycling tests to evaluate capacity retention over hundreds of cycles.

Safety & Handling

LiMn₂O₄ requires proper handling to maintain performance and ensure safety:

Moisture Sensitivity: Absorbs minimal moisture but should be stored in dry, sealed containers to prevent degradation of electrochemical properties.

Dust Inhalation: Avoid breathing powder; use N95 respirators or equivalent protection in poorly ventilated areas.

Oxidative Potential: As an oxidizing agent, it may react with combustible materials under extreme conditions; store away from organic solvents and reducing agents.

Refer to the product’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety protocols.

Packaging & Availability

We offer Lithium Manganese Oxide (CAS 2973-86-6) in powder form (particle sizes 1–5 μm) and coated variants, packaged in moisture-resistant bags (1kg–25kg) or drums (50kg–500kg). Custom formulations with specific doping levels or particle sizes are available for specialized battery designs.

For technical specifications, bulk pricing, or sample requests, contact our sales team, which specializes in advanced cathode materials for energy storage.

Health & Safety Information

 Signal Word: Danger 

Hazard Statements: H225-H302-H314-H335-H351 

Hazard Codes: F, C, Xn, Xi 

Precautionary Statements: P210-P260-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378-P403 + P235 

Flash Point: -17 °C 

Risk Codes: N/A 

Safety Statements: N/A 

Transport Information: UN 2924 8(3) / PGII 

WGK Germany: 3

Chemical Identifiers 

Linear Formula: C6H5LiS 

Pubchem CID: 10975459 

MDL Number: MFCD00192253 

EC No.: 209-086-6 

IUPAC Name: lithium; benzenethiolate 

Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3597301 

SMILES: [Li+].C1=CC=C(C=C1)[S-] 

InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H6S.Li/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5,7H;/q;+1/p-1 

InchI Key: HPFQTCRYSOTMDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Packing of Standard Packing: 

Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 735 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.