Lithium Tetrachloropalladate(II) HydrateCAS #: 123334-21-4

Synonyms 

Dilithium tetrachloropalladate hydrate, lithium palladium chloride hydrate

Compound Formula: Cl4H2Li2OPd 

Molecular Weight: 280.115 

Appearance: Powder and lumps 

Melting Point: N/A 

Boiling Point: N/A 

Density: N/A 

Solubility in H2O: N/A 

Exact Mass: 279.819 g/mol 

Monoisotopic Mass: 277.821 g/mol

Product Introduction: Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA, CAS #: 123334-21-4)

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide, commonly known as NCA and identified by CAS number 123334-21-4, is a high-energy-density cathode material widely used in lithium-ion batteries. With a typical chemical formula of LiNi₀.₈Co₀.₁₅Al₀.₀₅O₂ (though ratios may vary), this ternary compound combines nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), and oxygen (O) to deliver exceptional energy storage capabilities. Its layered crystal structure enables efficient lithium-ion intercalation, making it a preferred choice for applications demanding high capacity, such as electric vehicles and portable electronics.

Chemical & Physical Properties

NCA exhibits a set of properties that make it a standout cathode material:

Crystal Structure: Adopts a hexagonal layered structure (α-NaFeO₂ type), with lithium ions occupying interlayer sites and transition metals (Ni, Co, Al) forming a tightly packed octahedral framework. This structure supports rapid lithium-ion diffusion, critical for high-rate performance.

Theoretical Capacity: Offers a high theoretical specific capacity of approximately 220 mAh/g, with practical capacities ranging from 180–200 mAh/g in commercial batteries—among the highest of all lithium-ion cathode materials.

Voltage Profile: Delivers a nominal voltage of ~3.7 V vs. Li⁺/Li, balancing energy density (up to 700 Wh/kg) and cycle stability.

Thermal Stability: Exhibits moderate thermal stability, with decomposition onset around 210°C. Aluminum doping enhances structural integrity compared to nickel-rich NCM (nickel-cobalt-manganese) materials, reducing the risk of thermal runaway when paired with proper battery design.

Electrochemical Kinetics: Enables high-rate charging and discharging, though performance is optimized for energy density over extreme power output.

Key Applications in Energy Storage

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (CAS 123334-21-4) is integral to high-performance energy storage systems:

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Serves as a primary cathode material in EV batteries, particularly in Tesla vehicles, where its high energy density enables long driving ranges (exceeding 300 miles per charge in many models).

Portable Electronics: Powers high-end devices such as laptops, drones, and cameras, where its compact size and high capacity support extended runtime.

Aerospace and Defense: Deployed in batteries for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite systems, where lightweight design and reliable energy output are critical.

Specialty Batteries: Used in medical devices and power tools requiring a balance of energy density and durability.

Advantages Over Alternative Cathode Materials

NCA offers significant benefits compared to other lithium-ion cathode materials:

Energy Density: Provides higher specific energy than LiFePO₄ and many NCM formulations, making it ideal for applications where weight and space are constrained.

Cycle Life: Supports 1,000–1,500 charge-discharge cycles with minimal capacity fade, ensuring long-term reliability in demanding applications.

Aluminum Doping Advantage: Aluminum enhances structural stability during cycling, reducing the risk of particle cracking and improving longevity compared to pure nickel-cobalt oxides.

Scalability: Compatible with existing lithium-ion battery manufacturing processes, enabling large-scale production for automotive and industrial markets.

Synthesis & Quality Control

NCA is synthesized through advanced processes to ensure uniform composition and structure:

Precursor Preparation: Nickel, cobalt, and aluminum hydroxides are coprecipitated in precise ratios (e.g., 8:1.5:0.5) to form a uniform ternary hydroxide precursor (Ni₀.₈Co₀.₁₅Al₀.₀₅(OH)₂).

Lithiation: The precursor is mixed with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and calcined at 700–900°C in air or oxygen, inducing a solid-state reaction to form the layered LiNi₀.₈Co₀.₁₅Al₀.₀₅O₂ structure.

Post-Processing: Annealing and grinding steps refine particle size (typically 5–15 μm) and improve crystallinity, enhancing lithium-ion diffusion and electrochemical performance.

Quality control includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase purity, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy for elemental ratio verification, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess particle morphology.

Safety & Handling

Proper handling of NCA is essential to maintain performance and ensure safety:

Moisture Sensitivity: Reacts with moisture to form lithium hydroxide, which can cause clumping and reduce electrochemical activity; store in dry, sealed containers under inert atmosphere.

Toxicity: Contains cobalt, a potentially toxic heavy metal; avoid inhalation of dust and direct skin contact, using gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection during handling.

Oxidative Potential: Acts as an oxidizer; keep away from combustible materials, reducing agents, and strong acids to prevent unwanted reactions.

Refer to the product’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety guidelines.

Packaging & Availability

We offer NCA (CAS 123334-21-4) in powder form, packaged in moisture-resistant bags (1kg–25kg) or drums (50kg–500kg) with inert gas purging to prevent degradation. Custom particle sizes and nickel-rich formulations (e.g., LiNi₀.₉Co₀.₀₅Al₀.₀₅O₂) are available to meet specific battery design requirements.

For technical specifications, bulk pricing, or sample requests, contact our sales team, specializing in advanced cathode materials for energy storage.

Health & Safety Information

 Signal Word: N/A 

Hazard Statements: N/A 

Hazard Codes: N/A 

Risk Codes: N/A 

Safety Statements: N/A 

Transport Information: N/A

Chemical Identifiers 

Linear Formula: Li2PdCl4• xH2O 

Pubchem CID: 16211658 

MDL Number: MFCD00066968 

EC No.: 239-567-6

IUPAC Name: lithium; tetrachloropalladium; hydrate 

SMILES: [Li].[Li].O.Cl[Pd](Cl)(Cl)Cl 

InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/4ClH.2Li.H2O.Pd/h4*1H;;;1H2;/q;;;;;;;+4/p-4 

InchI Key: QIODTAHLQBSAHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J

Packing of Standard Packing: 

Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 735 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.