Lithium Tetrachloropalladate(II)CAS #: 15525-45-8

Synonyms

 Lithium palladium chloride, dilithium tetrachloropalladate(2-), lithium palladium tetrachloride

Compound Formula: Cl4Li2Pd 

Molecular Weight: 262.1 

Appearance: Brown crystals or crystalline powder 

Melting Point: N/A 

Boiling Point: N/A 

Density: N/A 

Solubility in H2O: Soluble 

Exact Mass: 261.808 g/mol 

Monoisotopic Mass: 259.811 g/mol

Charge: 0

Product Introduction: Lithium Tetrafluoroborate (LiBF₄, CAS #: 15525-45-8)

Lithium tetrafluoroborate, with the chemical formula LiBF₄ and CAS number 15525-45-8, is a widely used lithium salt that serves as a critical electrolyte component in lithium-ion batteries and other electrochemical systems. This white crystalline solid is valued for its high solubility in organic solvents, good ionic conductivity, and relatively low cost, making it a versatile choice for both research and industrial applications. Its tetrahedral BF₄⁻ anion structure contributes to its stability and compatibility with various electrode materials, positioning it as a reliable alternative to other lithium salts like LiPF₆.

Chemical & Physical Properties

LiBF₄ exhibits key properties that underpin its role as an effective electrolyte salt:

Solubility: Highly soluble in polar organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and acetonitrile (AN), as well as in water, enabling flexible electrolyte formulation for diverse battery chemistries.

Ionic Conductivity: Delivers moderate to high ionic conductivity (typically 5–8 mS/cm in optimized organic solvent mixtures), facilitating efficient lithium-ion transport in battery cells.

Melting Point: Approximately 580°C, with decomposition occurring at higher temperatures (above 600°C), providing sufficient thermal stability for most ambient and moderate-temperature applications.

Electrochemical Window: Offers a reasonable electrochemical stability window (up to 4.5 V vs. Li⁺/Li), compatible with common lithium-ion battery cathodes such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂).

Hygroscopicity: Moderately hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air, which can lead to hydrolysis and the formation of trace amounts of hydrofluoric acid (HF) if not properly stored.

Key Applications in Electrochemical Systems

Lithium tetrafluoroborate (CAS 15525-45-8) is widely employed in various electrochemical technologies:

Lithium-Ion Batteries: Used as an electrolyte salt or additive in lithium-ion batteries, particularly in applications where cost and compatibility are prioritized. It is often blended with LiPF₆ to improve electrolyte stability and reduce HF formation.

Lithium Polymer Batteries: Integral to gel polymer electrolytes, where its solubility in polymer matrices enhances ionic conductivity while maintaining mechanical integrity.

Electrolytic Capacitors: Utilized in electrolytes for high-performance capacitors, contributing to low equivalent series resistance (ESR) and stable operation over a wide temperature range.

Electroplating and Electrolysis: Serves as a source of lithium ions in electroplating processes and industrial electrolysis, leveraging its high solubility and ionic conductivity.

Research and Development: A standard electrolyte component in academic studies, providing a baseline for evaluating new battery materials and electrolyte formulations.

Advantages & Limitations

LiBF₄ offers specific benefits but also has considerations compared to other lithium salts:

Cost-Effectiveness: Generally more affordable than advanced salts like LiFSI and LiTFSI, making it a cost-efficient choice for large-scale applications.

Stability: Exhibits better hydrolytic stability than LiPF₆, reducing HF formation and extending the lifespan of battery components in moderately humid environments.

Compatibility: Works well with a range of electrode materials, including graphite anodes and layered oxide cathodes, providing flexibility in battery design.

Limitations: Lower ionic conductivity than LiPF₆ in some solvent systems and a narrower electrochemical window compared to LiTFSI, which may restrict its use in high-voltage or high-rate applications.

Synthesis & Quality Control

LiBF₄ is typically synthesized through straightforward chemical reactions:

Precursor Reaction: Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) or lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) reacts with tetrafluoroboric acid (HBF₄) in aqueous solution, forming LiBF₄ and water as a byproduct.

Purification: The resulting solution is evaporated, and the solid LiBF₄ is purified through recrystallization from anhydrous solvents (e.g., acetonitrile) to remove impurities and reduce moisture content.

Quality control includes testing for purity (typically 99%+), moisture content (via Karl Fischer titration), and anion/cation impurities (using ion chromatography and ICP-MS).

Safety & Handling

Proper handling of LiBF₄ is critical due to its hygroscopic nature and potential for HF formation:

Moisture Control: Store in tightly sealed containers under an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen) to prevent hydrolysis. Use in dry environments to minimize HF generation.

Toxicity: Can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Inhalation or ingestion may lead to fluoride poisoning. Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and a respirator in poorly ventilated areas.

Reactivity: Avoid contact with strong acids, bases, and reducing agents, as well as combustible materials, to prevent unwanted reactions.

Disposal: Dispose of waste and contaminated materials in accordance with local regulations for fluoride-containing compounds.

Refer to the product’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed safety protocols.

Packaging & Availability

LiBF₄ is available in various forms to suit different needs:

Crystalline Powder: Packaged in moisture-resistant bottles or bags (100g–25kg) with desiccants to minimize moisture absorption.

Solutions: Pre-dissolved solutions in organic solvents (e.g., EC/PC mixtures) are available for immediate use, packaged in sealed containers (1L–20L).

Bulk quantities (50kg+ drums) are available for industrial applications. Custom packaging and high-purity grades (e.g., 99.9% for research) can be requested.

For technical specifications, pricing, or sample requests, contact our sales team, which specializes in electrolyte materials for electrochemical systems.

Health & Safety Information

 Signal Word: Warning 

Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H335 

Hazard Codes: Xi 

Precautionary Statements: P210-P251-P305+P351+P338-P405-P410+P412-P501 

Risk Codes: N/A 

Safety Statements: N/A 

Harmonized Tariff Code: 2843.90 

Transport Information: NONH for all modes of transport 

GHS Pictogram: Image

Chemical Identifiers 

Linear Formula: Li2PdCl4 

Pubchem CID: 44150590 

MDL Number: MFCD00011082 

EC No.: 239-567-6 

IUPAC Name: dilithium; tetrachloropalladium(2-) 

Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A 

SMILES: [Li+].[Li+].Cl[Pd-2](Cl)(Cl)Cl 

InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/4ClH.2Li.Pd/h4*1H;;;/q;;;;2*+1;+2/p-4 

InchI Key: CVYYJWVQORMAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-J

Packing of Standard Packing: 

Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 735 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.