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Nickel 211 (Wire) - Introduction with Composition, Properties, Applications and Product Forms

Nickel 211 is a high-purity nickel alloy known for its excellent corrosion resistance, superior thermal conductivity, and good mechanical properties, making it a versatile material in various industrial sectors. This alloy is available in a wide range of forms to meet diverse application needs, including Bar (Round bar, Flat bar), Ribbon, Wire, Rods, Tube, Pipe, Foil, Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Forging Stock. Nickel 211 Wire, in particular, is valued for its flexibility, high conductivity, and resistance to oxidation, making it ideal for electrical components, heating elements, and precision applications in corrosive environments. Below is a detailed overview of its chemical composition, key properties, practical applications, and available product forms.

Chemical Composition

The high-purity chemical composition of Nickel 211 is the foundation of its exceptional performance in both corrosive and high-temperature environments. The typical composition (by weight) is as follows:

Nickel (Ni): 99.0-99.5% (the primary element, providing excellent corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and structural stability)

Copper (Cu): 0.1-0.3% (enhances electrical conductivity and improves formability)

Iron (Fe): ≤ 0.2% (minimized to maintain purity while aiding in mechanical stability)

Manganese (Mn): ≤ 0.1% (assists in deoxidation during manufacturing and improves weldability)

Silicon (Si): ≤ 0.1% (reduced to prevent the formation of brittle phases, preserving ductility)

Carbon (C): ≤ 0.03% (controlled to avoid carbide precipitation, which could reduce corrosion resistance)

Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.01% (kept at very low levels to ensure good ductility and prevent hot shortness during fabrication)

Other trace elements: ≤ 0.5% total (including cobalt, chromium, and magnesium, all minimized to maintain purity)

This high-nickel composition ensures the alloy’s signature combination of corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and formability, making it suitable for demanding applications in electrical, chemical, and aerospace industries.

Key Properties

Nickel 211 (Wire) and its various forms exhibit a set of impressive properties that make them indispensable in corrosive, high-temperature, and precision applications:

Mechanical Properties (room temperature, annealed condition):

Tensile strength: 380-500 MPa (55,100-72,500 psi)

Yield strength (0.2% offset): 100-180 MPa (14,500-26,100 psi)

Elongation (in 50 mm): 40-55% (exceptional ductility, allowing for easy forming, bending, and drawing into wire and thin forms like foil)

Hardness: 80-120 HB (Brinell hardness, indicating excellent machinability and workability)

High-Temperature Performance:

Thermal stability: Maintains structural integrity up to 650°C (1202°F), with gradual reduction in strength at higher temperatures

Oxidation resistance: Resistant to oxidation in air up to 800°C (1472°F), forming a thin, protective oxide layer that prevents further degradation

Thermal conductivity: 90 W/(m·K) at 20°C (68°F) (one of the highest among nickel alloys, making it ideal for heat transfer applications)

Electrical conductivity: 22-25% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) at 20°C (68°F), suitable for electrical components

Corrosion Resistance:

General corrosion resistance: Excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion, freshwater, and seawater, making it suitable for marine and outdoor applications

Chemical resistance: Resistant to dilute acids (e.g., sulfuric acid in low concentrations), alkaline solutions, and organic chemicals; less suitable for strong oxidizing acids (e.g., nitric acid)

Wet corrosion: Resistant to most industrial chemicals, including oils, solvents, and mild detergents

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC): Highly resistant to SCC in most environments, including chloride-containing solutions under moderate stress

Physical Properties:

Density: 8.9 g/cm³ (0.321 lb/in³)

Melting point: 1453°C (2647°F)

Coefficient of thermal expansion: 13.0 μm/(m·K) (20-100°C)

Modulus of elasticity: 207 GPa (30,000 ksi) at room temperature

Product Forms

Nickel 211 is manufactured in a diverse range of forms to accommodate specialized industrial processes across electrical, chemical, and aerospace sectors:

Bar: Available as Round bar (diameters from 6 mm to 300 mm) and Flat bar (thickness 5 mm to 150 mm, width 15 mm to 600 mm), ideal for machining into electrical connectors, valve stems, and precision mechanical components.

Ribbon: Thin, flat strips (thickness 0.1 mm to 2 mm, width 5 mm to 100 mm) used in heating elements, electrical contacts, and corrosion-resistant gaskets.

Wire: Nickel 211 Wire (diameters 0.05 mm to 10 mm) offers excellent flexibility and conductivity, making it suitable for thermocouple wires, heating coils, electrical leads, and woven mesh filters.

Rods: Solid cylindrical rods (diameters 3 mm to 50 mm) suitable for structural supports in chemical equipment, electrical terminals, and high-temperature fixtures.

Tube and Pipe: Seamless options (outer diameter 5 mm to 200 mm, wall thickness 0.5 mm to 10 mm) for transporting corrosive fluids in chemical processing and heat transfer systems.

Foil: Ultra-thin sheets (thickness 0.005 mm to 0.1 mm) used in lightweight electrical insulation, thermal barriers, and corrosion-resistant liners for precision instruments.

Plate and Sheet: Flat forms (plate: thickness 4 mm to 100 mm; sheet: 0.2 mm to 4 mm) for fabricating heat exchangers, chemical storage tanks, and electrical enclosures.

Strip: Narrow, flat strips (thickness 0.1 mm to 3 mm, width 10 mm to 200 mm) for precision manufacturing in electrical contacts, springs, and corrosion-resistant seals.

Forging Stock: Billets and ingots for hot forging into complex shapes such as valve bodies, pump components, and aerospace hardware.

Applications

The exceptional properties of Nickel 211 (Wire) across its various forms make it a critical material in industries requiring high purity, corrosion resistance, and thermal/electrical conductivity:

Electrical and Electronics:

Heating elements: Wire and ribbon for high-temperature heating coils in industrial furnaces, ovens, and laboratory equipment, leveraging oxidation resistance and thermal conductivity.

Electrical connectors: Bars and rods machined into terminals, contacts, and connectors for high-voltage systems, ensuring low resistance and corrosion resistance.

Thermocouples: Wire used as thermocouple leads in temperature measurement systems, providing accurate readings in corrosive environments.

Battery components: Foil and sheet for electrodes and casings in high-performance batteries, resisting corrosion from electrolytes.

Chemical Processing:

Corrosion-resistant equipment: Plates and sheets for lining tanks, pipes, and reaction vessels handling mild acids, alkalis, and organic chemicals.

Heat exchangers: Tubes and plates for heat transfer systems in chemical plants, where thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance are critical.

Filtration systems: Wire mesh (from wire) for filtering corrosive fluids and gases, ensuring durability and purity.

Aerospace and Aviation:

Fuel systems: Tubes and pipes for transporting fuels and hydraulic fluids, resisting corrosion and maintaining structural integrity at high altitudes.

Electrical systems: Wire and ribbon for wiring harnesses and electrical components in aircraft, where weight and reliability are key.

Thermal management: Foil and sheet for heat shields and thermal insulation in engine compartments, leveraging high-temperature resistance.

Marine and Offshore:

Seawater handling: Pipes and sheets for seawater intake systems and desalination equipment, resisting saltwater corrosion.

Marine electrical components: Wire and connectors for navigation systems and communication equipment, ensuring reliability in humid and corrosive environments.

Specialized Applications by Form:

Wire: Thermocouple leads, heating coils, electrical wiring in corrosive environments, and woven filters for chemical processing.

Foil: Electrical insulation, lightweight thermal barriers, and gaskets in precision instruments.

Plate/Sheet: Heat exchanger panels, tank liners, and structural components in chemical and marine systems.

Bar/Rod: Machined electrical connectors, valve stems, and fasteners requiring high purity and corrosion resistance.

In summary, Nickel 211 (Wire) — available in forms from Bar and Wire to Plate and Forging Stock — delivers exceptional corrosion resistance, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and excellent formability. Its diverse product forms enable tailored solutions across electrical, chemical, aerospace, and marine sectors, establishing it as a critical material in high-purity and corrosive applications.

Packing of Standard Packing: 

Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2798 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.