INCOTHERM TD Nickel Alloy，1

### **Product Datasheet: INCOTHERM® TD Nickel Alloy** **A Dispersion-Strengthened Nickel Alloy for Ultra-High Temperature Service** --- #### **1. Overview** **INCOTHERM® TD Nickel** is a unique class of high-temperature material known as a **dispersion-strengthened alloy**. Unlike conventional superalloys that are strengthened by precipitation hardening (gamma prime phase), TD Nickel is strengthened by a fine, uniform dispersion of thermally stable **Thorium Oxide (ThO₂)** particles within a pure nickel matrix. This key difference grants the alloy exceptional **high-temperature stability**, maintaining useful mechanical strength and resistance to creep deformation at temperatures up to **1300°C (2370°F)**—a range where most superalloys begin to melt or lose strength rapidly. It also exhibits outstanding resistance to carburization and nitridation. However, its oxidation resistance is limited, necessitating the use of protective coatings for service in oxidizing environments. #### **2. Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** The composition of TD Nickel is notably simple, yet its manufacturing process is complex. | Element | Content (%) | Role in the Alloy | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Nickel (Ni)** | Balance (≥98.0) | Forms the ductile metal matrix. | | **Thorium Oxide (ThO₂)** | ~1.5 - 2.5 | Forms a fine, inert dispersion that blocks dislocation motion and grain boundary sliding, providing superior high-temperature strength and creep resistance. | | **Other Elements** | Trace | Deliberately kept low to avoid interfering with the dispersion-strengthening mechanism. | #### **3. Physical Properties (Typical)** | Property | Value / Condition | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.97 g/cm³ (0.324 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | ~1455 °C (~2650 °F) | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | ~14.5 μm/m·°C (20 - 500°C) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | ~67 W/m·K (at 100°C)
*Note: Significantly higher than complex superalloys.* | | **Electrical Resistivity** | ~0.13 μΩ·m | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | ~214 GPa (31 x 10⁶ psi) at 20°C | #### **4. Mechanical Properties** TD Nickel retains its strength over a remarkably wide temperature range due to the stability of the ThO₂ dispersoids. **At Room Temperature:** * **Tensile Strength:** ~480 MPa (70 ksi) * **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset):** ~240 MPa (35 ksi) * **Elongation:** ~10-20% **At Elevated Temperature (e.g., 1095°C / 2000°F):** * **Tensile Strength:** ~70 MPa (10 ksi) *[Retains significant strength]*. * **Creep-Rupture Strength:** Excellent long-term creep resistance under low stresses at temperatures above 1000°C (1830°F). #### **5. Manufacturing and Processing** TD Nickel is produced via a specialized **powder metallurgy** route: 1. **Mechanical Alloying:** Fine nickel powder and thorium oxide particles are intensively milled together to mechanically embed the ThO₂ into the nickel particles. 2. **Consolidation:** The composite powder is then consolidated using techniques like hot extrusion or hot isostatic pressing (HIP) to form a fully dense, fine-grained billet. 3. **Recrystallization:** The material undergoes a high-temperature anneal to develop a coarse, stable grain structure ideal for high-temperature creep resistance. #### **6. Product Applications** Due to its unique properties, TD Nickel is used in specialized ultra-high temperature applications, primarily in aerospace and vacuum furnace industries: * **Aerospace & Defense:** **Rocket engine nozzle skirts**, turbine seals, and afterburner components. * **Industrial Heating:** Heating elements, heat shields, furnace muffles, and radiant tubes for high-temperature vacuum or protective atmosphere furnaces. * **Electronics:** Cathode supports and other components in electron tubes. #### **7. International and Industry Standards** As a specialized material, it is often covered by proprietary and military specifications. * **ASTM:** May be covered under general guidelines for nickel alloy bar or sheet. * **Aerospace/Military:** **AMS 7845** (formerly for Nickel Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire, Thorium-Dispersed). * **Common Forms:** Sheet, strip, bar, and wire. **Important Note:** The use of thorium, a low-level radioactive element, imposes special handling, machining, and disposal requirements to control radioactive dust. --- **Disclaimer:** The information provided herein is for reference purposes only. Properties can vary based on product form and processing history. The presence of thorium necessitates compliance with all applicable nuclear regulatory controls. For design and procurement, the manufacturer's latest technical data sheets must be consulted. INCOTHERM is believed to be a trademark related to this material class.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3366 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.