Alloy 46,Glass sealing 46 Alloy,UNS K94600,E FORU

### **Alloy 46 / Glass Sealing 46 Alloy / UNS K94600** **Iron-Nickel Alloy for Matched Glass-to-Metal Sealing Applications** --- #### **1. Overview** **Glass Sealing 46 Alloy**, commercially designated as **Alloy 46**, is an iron-nickel alloy specifically engineered to provide thermal expansion characteristics that precisely match those of specific borosilicate and aluminosilicate glasses. This carefully controlled expansion behavior ensures the formation of reliable, stress-free hermetic seals in glass-to-metal applications. The alloy's composition represents an optimal balance between thermal performance, mechanical properties, and manufacturing characteristics for electronic and lighting applications. --- #### **2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** The typical chemical composition of Alloy 46 is outlined below. The balance is Iron (Fe). | Element | Content (%) | Key Function | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | Forms the primary matrix of the alloy system. | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 45.5 - 46.5 | Precisely controls thermal expansion to match specific glass types. | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.25 - 0.50 | Enhances hot workability and acts as a deoxidizer during processing. | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.15 - 0.25 | Improves oxidation resistance and surface characteristics for glass bonding. | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.03 max | Minimized to prevent gas evolution during high-temperature sealing processes. | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 0.10 max | Controlled impurity element. | | **Cobalt (Co)** | 0.10 max | Controlled impurity element. | | **Copper (Cu)** | 0.10 max | Controlled impurity element. | | **Aluminum (Al)** | 0.05 max | Carefully regulated to ensure optimal oxide formation for glass wetting. | | **Titanium (Ti)** | 0.05 max | Controlled trace element. | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.010 max | Minimized to prevent hot shortness and ensure material purity. | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.010 max | Controlled to maintain ductility and sealing performance. | --- #### **3. Physical Properties** | Property | Value / Condition | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.18 g/cm³ (0.295 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | ~ 1420 °C (2588 °F) | | **Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 20 - 300°C (68 - 572°F): **8.2 x 10⁻⁶/°C** (4.6 x 10⁻⁶/°F)
20 - 400°C (68 - 752°F): **9.1 x 10⁻⁶/°C** (5.1 x 10⁻⁶/°F)
20 - 450°C (68 - 842°F): **9.6 x 10⁻⁶/°C** (5.3 x 10⁻⁶/°F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 15.5 W/m·K (107 Btu·in/hr·ft²·°F) at 20°C (68°F) | | **Specific Heat Capacity** | 508 J/kg·K (0.121 Btu/lb·°F) at 20°C (68°F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.63 μΩ·m at 20°C (68°F) | | **Modulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)** | 150 GPa (21.8 x 10⁶ psi) at 20°C (68°F) | | **Curie Temperature** | ~ 480 °C (896 °F) | | **Magnetic Properties** | Ferromagnetic below Curie temperature | --- #### **4. Mechanical Properties (Typical for Annealed Condition)** | Property | Value at Room Temperature | | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Strength** | 550 MPa (80 ksi) | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 380 MPa (55 ksi) | | **Elongation (in 50 mm / 2 in)** | 26% | | **Reduction of Area** | 60% | | **Hardness (Rockwell B)** | 82 HRB | | **Vickers Hardness** | 170 HV | --- #### **5. International Standards** Alloy 46 complies with the following international specifications: * **ASTM:** * **F2561:** Standard Specification for 46Ni-54Fe Alloy (Alloy 46) Sealing Glass * **AMS:** * **AMS 7723:** Sheet, Strip, and Plate * **UNS:** K94600 * **ISO:** * **ISO 19960:** Iron-nickel low expansion alloys * **JIS:** * **JIS C 2531:** Iron-nickel alloy for sealing use * **IEC:** * **IEC 60680:** Test methods of glass-to-metal sealing --- #### **6. Product Applications** Alloy 46 is essential in applications requiring precise thermal expansion matching with specific glass types: * **Electronic Components:** * High-reliability glass-to-metal seals * Hermetic connector feedthroughs * Transistor and diode packages * RF and microwave component seals * **Lighting Technology:** * High-temperature lamp seals * Specialty lighting envelopes * Optical device encapsulation * Display technology components * **Aerospace & Defense:** * Avionics packaging seals * Military communication devices * Sensor hermetic packaging * Navigation system components * **Medical Devices:** * Implantable medical electronics * Diagnostic equipment seals * Medical sensor packaging * Therapeutic device components * **Industrial Equipment:** * Process control instrument seals * High-temperature sensor housings * Gauge and meter components * Control system enclosures --- #### **7. Key Characteristics & Advantages** * **Precision Thermal Matching:** CTE of 8.2-9.6 x 10⁻⁶/°C optimized for specific borosilicate and aluminosilicate glasses * **Superior Sealing Performance:** Excellent glass wetting and bonding characteristics * **High Temperature Capability:** Maintains seal integrity at elevated operating temperatures * **Excellent Mechanical Properties:** Balanced strength and ductility for reliable performance * **Good Electrical Conductivity:** Suitable for electrical feedthrough applications * **Outstanding Fabricability:** Excellent formability for complex seal geometries * **Consistent Performance:** Reliable and repeatable sealing characteristics * **Proven Reliability:** Extensive successful applications in demanding environments --- **Disclaimer:** *The values provided are typical and for informational purposes only. For critical applications, always consult the official material data sheets from the supplier and relevant design codes. Optimal sealing performance requires proper surface preparation, controlled oxidation, and appropriate glass matching.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1688 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.