Alloy 455，Custom 455 Forgings，UNS S45500，EFORU

British Specs:，American Specs:AMS 5617 Bar and Forgings AMS 5860 Sheet, Strip and Plate，German Specs:

### **Alloy 455 / Custom 455 Forgings (UNS S45500) - Product Introduction** **Overview** **Alloy 455**, commercially known as **Custom 455**, is a premium martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel that offers an exceptional combination of ultra-high strength, good corrosion resistance, and excellent toughness. **Custom 455 Forgings** represent the highest quality product form, providing superior mechanical properties through controlled deformation processes that optimize grain structure, enhance strength, and improve reliability for critical components in demanding applications. The UNS **S45500** designation identifies this specific precipitation-hardening stainless steel composition. The forging process aligns the metallic grain structure with the component's shape, resulting in improved mechanical properties and greater resistance to impact and fatigue compared to cast or machined parts. --- ### **Chemical Composition** | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Iron (Fe)** | Balance | | **Chromium (Cr)** | 11.0 - 12.5 | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 7.5 - 9.5 | | **Copper (Cu)** | 1.5 - 2.5 | | **Niobium (Nb)** | 0.1 - 0.5 | | **Titanium (Ti)** | 0.8 - 1.4 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.50 (Max) | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.50 (Max) | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.05 (Max) | | **Phosphorus (P)** | 0.04 (Max) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.03 (Max) | **Key Feature:** The balanced composition creates a precipitation-hardenable martensitic structure capable of achieving tensile strengths exceeding 1550 MPa (225 ksi) after proper heat treatment, while the forging process enhances these properties through grain refinement. --- ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 7.76 g/cm³ (0.280 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1400-1440°C (2550-2625°F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 85 μΩ·cm at 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 18.5 W/m·K at 20°C | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 10.1 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | **Magnetic Permeability** | Magnetic after heat treatment | --- ### **Mechanical Properties** Typical mechanical properties for Custom 455 forgings after heat treatment: | Condition | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | Elongation (%) | Reduction of Area (%) | Impact Strength (J) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Solution Annealed** | 1000-1200 MPa (145-175 ksi) | 950-1100 MPa (140-160 ksi) | 10-15 | 45-55 | 40-60 | | **H900 Aged** | 1550-1750 MPa (225-255 ksi) | 1450-1650 MPa (210-240 ksi) | 6-10 | 35-45 | 25-40 | | **H1000 Aged** | 1400-1600 MPa (200-230 ksi) | 1300-1500 MPa (190-220 ksi) | 8-12 | 40-50 | 30-45 | | **H1050 Aged** | 1250-1450 MPa (180-210 ksi) | 1150-1350 MPa (170-195 ksi) | 10-14 | 45-55 | 35-50 | --- ### **International Standards** | Standard Organization | Standard Number | Specification | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ASTM** | ASTM A564/A564M | Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes | | **AMS** | AMS 5617 | Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Forgings | | **ASME** | SA-564 | Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars for Pressure Vessels | | **ASTM** | A965/A965M | Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels and Components | | **UNS** | S45500 | Alloy 455 | | **AMS** | AMS 2759/3 | Heat Treatment of Steel Parts | --- ### **Forging Processes & Capabilities** **Forging Methods:** - **Open-Die Forgings:** For large, simple shapes - **Closed-Die Forgings:** For complex, net-shape components - **Ring Rolling:** For circular and annular components - **Press Forgings:** For high-volume production - **Hammer Forgings:** For traditional forging applications **Forging Temperature Range:** - **Heating Temperature:** 1150-1200°C (2100-2200°F) - **Forging Temperature:** 1050-1150°C (1920-2100°F) - **Finishing Temperature:** Not below 950°C (1750°F) **Heat Treatment:** - Solution Annealing: 815-830°C (1500-1525°F) - Quenching: Air cool or faster - Aging: Various temperatures as specified --- ### **Product Applications** **Aerospace Industry:** - Aircraft landing gear components - Missile and rocket components - Engine mounts and brackets - Structural airframe parts - Actuator components **Defense Applications:** - Firearm components (receivers, bolts) - Armor system parts - Military vehicle components - Weapon system mechanisms - Defense mechanism parts **Oil & Gas Industry:** - Wellhead components - Christmas tree parts - Valve bodies and stems - Drill string components - Pressure vessel parts **Power Generation:** - Turbine components - Generator parts - Nuclear reactor components - Heat exchanger parts - Pump shafts and impellers **Industrial Equipment:** - High-strength machinery components - Processing equipment parts - Heavy-duty valve components - Special tooling applications - Precision machinery parts --- ### **Machining Characteristics** **Machinability:** - Best machined in solution-treated condition - Machinability rating: 45% (compared to 1212 steel) - Requires rigid setups and positive rake tools - Recommended tool materials: Carbide or high-speed steel - Use heavy, constant feeds for best results **Recommended Machining Parameters:** - **Turning Speed:** 60-100 SFM - **Milling Speed:** 80-120 SFM - **Drilling Speed:** 30-50 SFM - **Feed Rates:** 0.005-0.015 inches per revolution - **Coolant:** Water-soluble oils recommended --- ### **Quality Assurance** **Non-Destructive Testing:** - Ultrasonic Testing (UT) - Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) - Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) - Radiographic Testing (RT) - Visual Inspection **Destructive Testing:** - Tensile Testing - Impact Testing (Charpy V-notch) - Hardness Testing - Macro/Micro Examination - Corrosion Testing **Certification Requirements:** - Chemical Analysis Certification - Mechanical Test Reports - Heat Treatment Records - NDE Reports - Dimensional Inspection Reports --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Superior Mechanical Properties:** Enhanced strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance through grain refinement - **Improved Structural Integrity:** Forging eliminates porosity and voids common in castings - **Ultra-High Strength:** Capable of achieving yield strengths over 1450 MPa (210 ksi) - **Excellent Toughness:** Good combination of strength and fracture toughness - **Good Corrosion Resistance:** Superior to most martensitic stainless steels - **Better Fatigue Performance:** Aligned grain structure provides superior resistance to cyclic loading - **Dimensional Stability:** Minimal distortion during heat treatment **Design Considerations:** - Maximum service temperature: 425°C (800°F) - Not recommended for prolonged exposure above 425°C - Suitable for cryogenic applications - Good resistance to stress corrosion cracking - Magnetic after heat treatment --- ### **Industry Specifications** **Additional Standards:** - **NACE MR0175/ISO 15156:** For sour service applications - **API 6A:** Wellhead and Christmas tree equipment - **ASTM A388:** Ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings - **MIL-STD-1537:** Nondestructive testing requirements Custom 455 Forgings (UNS S45500) represent the premium choice for critical components requiring the highest levels of reliability, strength, and corrosion resistance. The forging process unlocks the full potential of this precipitation-hardening stainless steel, making it indispensable for applications where failure is not an option in aerospace, defense, oil and gas, power generation, and other demanding industries. The superior grain structure and mechanical properties achieved through forging ensure optimal performance in the most challenging service environments.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1698 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.