Alloy 28，Incoloy 028 Forgings，UNS N08028,E FORU

British Specs:，American Specs:，German Specs:WS 1.4563

**Product Name:** Alloy 28 / Incoloy® 028 Forgings | UNS N08028 **Material Type:** Nickel-Iron-Chromium-Molybdenum Austenitic Stainless Steel Forgings **Standard:** ASTM B462, ASME SB462, ASTM A473, ASTM A965 --- ### **Overview** Alloy 28 Forgings (UNS N08028), commercially known as **Incoloy® 028**, are high-performance components manufactured through controlled forging processes to enhance mechanical properties and ensure optimal grain structure. These forgings offer superior corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid and other aggressive chemicals while providing exceptional strength and reliability for critical applications in chemical processing, oil and gas, and industrial equipment. --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Enhanced Mechanical Properties:** Superior strength and toughness through optimized grain flow - **Exceptional Sulfuric Acid Resistance:** Outstanding performance in concentrated sulfuric acid service - **Superior Structural Integrity:** Elimination of internal defects and voids - **Improved Fatigue Resistance:** Excellent performance under cyclic loading conditions - **Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance:** Outperforms conventional stainless steels - **Custom Geometries:** Capability to produce complex near-net shapes --- ### **Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Element | Content (%) | |---------|-------------|---------|-------------| | Nickel (Ni) | 29.0-32.0 | Chromium (Cr) | 26.0-28.0 | | Iron (Fe) | Balance | Molybdenum (Mo) | 3.0-4.0 | | Copper (Cu) | 0.6-1.4 | Manganese (Mn) | ≤2.0 | | Silicon (Si) | ≤1.0 | Carbon (C) | ≤0.03 | | Nitrogen (N) | 0.15-0.25 | Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.03 | | Sulfur (S) | ≤0.03 | | | --- ### **Physical & Mechanical Properties** #### **Physical Properties** - **Density:** 8.0 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³) - **Melting Range:** 1370-1400°C (2500-2550°F) - **Thermal Expansion Coefficient:** 15.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) - **Modulus of Elasticity:** 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) - **Thermal Conductivity:** 12.0 W/m·K at 100°C - **Specific Heat Capacity:** 450 J/kg·K at 100°C #### **Mechanical Properties (Solution Annealed & Forged)** | Property | Typical Value | |----------|---------------| | Tensile Strength | 650-780 MPa (94-113 ksi) | | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | 350-480 MPa (51-70 ksi) | | Elongation | 30-45% | | Reduction of Area | 40-60% | | Hardness | 180-240 HB | | Impact Strength (Charpy V) | 80-120 J (59-88 ft-lb) | --- ### **Manufacturing Capabilities** #### **Forging Processes** - **Open Die Forgings:** Large, simple shapes up to 5000 kg - **Closed Die Forgings:** Complex, net-shape components - **Ring Rolled Forgings:** Circular and annular components - **Precision Forgings:** Minimal machining allowance #### **Available Forms & Sizes** - **Weight Range:** 1 kg to 5000 kg - **Dimensions:** Custom sizes per customer specifications - **Complexity:** Simple to highly complex geometries - **Tolerances:** Per ASTM A965 requirements --- ### **International Standards & Certifications** - **UNS:** N08028 - **ASTM B462:** Forged or Rolled Alloy 28 Pipe Flanges, Fittings, and Valves - **ASME SB462:** ASME Code Equivalent - **ASTM A473:** Stainless Steel Forgings - **ASTM A965:** Pressure Vessel Component Forgings - **Certifications:** NACE MR0175, PED 2014/68/EU, ISO 15156 --- ### **Applications** #### **Chemical Processing Industry** - Pump casings and impellers - Valve bodies and components - Reactor vessel heads and closures - Agitator shafts and mixing components - Heat exchanger headers and bonnets - Mixer and blender components #### **Oil & Gas Industry** - Wellhead components - Christmas tree fittings - Valve trims and bodies - Downhole tool components - Pipeline fittings and flanges - Subsea equipment components #### **Pollution Control Equipment** - Flue gas desulfurization system components - Scrubber system parts - Waste water treatment equipment - Environmental protection systems #### **Pulp & Paper Industry** - Digester components - Bleaching equipment parts - Chemical recovery system components #### **Power Generation** - Turbine components - Pump bodies for power plants - Heat exchanger parts --- ### **Heat Treatment & Processing** #### **Solution Annealing** - **Temperature:** 1150-1200°C (2100-2190°F) - **Time:** 1 hour per 25 mm of thickness - **Cooling:** Rapid cooling to prevent carbide precipitation - **Atmosphere:** Controlled atmosphere available #### **Forging Process** - **Heating Temperature:** 1150-1250°C (2100-2280°F) - **Finishing Temperature:** ≥950°C (≥1740°F) - **Post-Forging Cooling:** Controlled cooling rate - **Grain Size Control:** ASTM 5-7 typical --- ### **Corrosion Resistance** #### **Chemical Resistance** - **Excellent:** Sulfuric acid (various concentrations and temperatures) - **Good:** Phosphoric acid, nitric acid, organic acids - **Resistant:** Chloride pitting and crevice corrosion - **Limited:** Hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid #### **Special Features** - High chromium content provides excellent oxidation resistance - Molybdenum enhances resistance to localized corrosion - Copper addition improves resistance to sulfuric acid - Homogeneous microstructure from forging process - Superior to cast components in corrosive service --- ### **Quality Assurance** #### **Non-Destructive Testing** - Ultrasonic Testing per ASTM A388 - Liquid Penetrant Examination - Magnetic Particle Inspection - Radiographic Examination (when specified) #### **Destructive Testing** - Chemical analysis verification - Mechanical property testing - Macro-etch examination - Microstructural analysis #### **Certification** - Mill test certificates to EN 10204 3.1/3.2 - Full traceability from melt to final component - Heat treatment documentation - NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 compliance --- ### **Design & Engineering Support** #### **Technical Services** - Material selection assistance - Forging design optimization - Heat treatment consultation - Manufacturing process development - Failure analysis services #### **Custom Solutions** - Prototype development - Special testing protocols - Custom heat treatments - Special surface finishes --- ### **Conclusion** Alloy 28/Incoloy® 028 Forgings represent the pinnacle of manufacturing excellence for components requiring exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical reliability. The forging process enhances the inherent advantages of the alloy, providing superior grain structure, improved mechanical properties, and elimination of internal defects. These characteristics, combined with the alloy's outstanding resistance to sulfuric acid and chloride stress corrosion cracking, make Alloy 28 forgings the preferred choice for critical applications in chemical processing, oil and gas, and other demanding industries where component failure is not an option. --- *Incoloy® is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. All technical data are typical values and should be verified for specific applications. Consult manufacturer's specifications for project-specific requirements and applicable codes and standards.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2699 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.