AL 400™ Nickel-Base Alloy,DIN 2.4360; ASTM B-127; 1

### **Product Datasheet: AL-400™ / MONEL® 400 (UNS N04400)** **A Nickel-Copper Alloy for Superior Corrosion Resistance in Marine and Chemical Environments** --- #### **1. Overview** **AL-400™**, commercially known as **MONEL® 400**, is a nickel-copper alloy renowned for its excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of marine and chemical environments. This solid-solution alloy demonstrates high strength and toughness over a broad temperature range, from cryogenic temperatures up to about 540°C (1000°F). The alloy exhibits particularly good resistance to seawater and salt solutions, alkaline solutions, sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids. Its combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance has made it a preferred material for marine engineering, chemical processing, and hydrocarbon processing applications. --- #### **2. Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** | Element | Content (%) | Role in the Alloy | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Nickel (Ni)** | Balance (~63.0-70.0) | Provides fundamental corrosion resistance and forms the matrix | | **Copper (Cu)** | ~28.0-34.0 | Enhances resistance to sulfuric acid and other reducing media | | **Iron (Fe)** | ≤ 2.5 | Controlled residual element | | **Manganese (Mn)** | ≤ 2.0 | Improves manufacturability and hot workability | | **Carbon (C)** | ≤ 0.3 | Residual element, controlled to maintain ductility | | **Silicon (Si)** | ≤ 0.5 | Residual element | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.024 | Kept low to prevent hot cracking | --- #### **3. Physical Properties (Typical)** | Property | Value / Condition | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) | | **Melting Range** | 1300-1350 °C (2370-2460 °F) | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 13.9 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 21.8 W/m·K (at 100°C) | | **Modulus of Elasticity** | 179 GPa (26×10⁶ psi) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.51 μΩ·m | | **Magnetic Response** | Essentially non-magnetic | --- #### **4. Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)** **Room Temperature Properties:** * **Tensile Strength**: 480-620 MPa (70-90 ksi) * **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)**: 170-345 MPa (25-50 ksi) * **Elongation**: 35-45% **Elevated Temperature Performance:** Maintains good mechanical properties up to 540°C (1000°F) **Low Temperature Performance:** Excellent toughness and ductility at cryogenic temperatures --- #### **5. Corrosion Resistance** AL-400 demonstrates outstanding corrosion resistance in various environments: * **Marine Applications**: Excellent resistance to seawater, salt spray, and marine atmosphere * **Acid Services**: Good performance in sulfuric, hydrochloric, and hydrofluoric acids * **Alkaline Solutions**: Resists caustic solutions and alkaline salts * **Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking**: Highly resistant compared to many stainless steels * **Industrial Atmospheres**: Excellent performance in chemical plant environments --- #### **6. Product Applications** **Marine Engineering:** * Seawater piping systems and pump shafts * Valve components and fasteners * Heat exchangers and condenser tubes **Chemical Processing:** * Process vessels and reaction kettles * Distillation columns and piping * HF alkylation units **Oil and Gas:** * Downhole instrumentation * Production tubing and valves * Refinery components **Other Applications:** * Feedwater heaters and heat exchangers * Crude petroleum stills * Industrial heat treatment equipment --- #### **7. International Standards** * **DIN/Werkstoff Nr.**: 2.4360 * **ASTM/ASME Specifications**: * **ASTM B-127 / ASME SB-127**: Plate, Sheet, and Strip * **ASTM B164**: Rod and Bar * **ASTM B165**: Seamless Pipe and Tube * **Aerospace Material Specification**: * **AMS 4544**: Bars, Forgings, and Rings * **Additional Certifications**: * ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code * NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 for sour service * Various international pressure equipment standards --- **Technical Note:** The information provided represents typical values and characteristics. Actual properties may vary based on manufacturing processes, heat treatment, and specific product form. For critical applications, consult the most recent edition of relevant material specifications and manufacturer's technical data. *MONEL is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation. AL-400 is understood to be a related trademark for this alloy composition.*

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3379 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.