Alloy 405，Monel 405 Forgings，UNS N04405，EFORU

British Specs:，American Specs:AMS 4674 Bar and Forgings AMS 7234 QQ-N-281 MIL-N-894，German Specs:

### **Alloy 405 / Monel 405 Forgings (UNS N04405) - Product Introduction** **Overview** **Alloy 405** (Monel 405) is a free-machining nickel-copper alloy specifically engineered with controlled sulfur content to provide enhanced machinability while maintaining good corrosion resistance. **Monel 405 Forgings** represent the premium product form that combines superior mechanical properties through controlled deformation processes with excellent machining characteristics. The forging process aligns the grain structure to optimize strength, toughness, and reliability for critical components in demanding applications. The UNS **N04405** designation ensures consistent material quality with optimized machining performance. Forgings are particularly suitable for components requiring high structural integrity, complex shapes, and reliable performance in corrosive environments. --- ### **Chemical Composition** | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 63.0 (Minimum) | | **Copper (Cu)** | 28.0 - 34.0 | | **Iron (Fe)** | 2.5 (Maximum) | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 2.0 (Maximum) | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.3 (Maximum) | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.5 (Maximum) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.025 - 0.060 | **Key Feature:** The controlled sulfur addition (0.025-0.060%) significantly improves machinability while the forging process enhances mechanical properties through grain refinement and directional strength. --- ### **Physical Properties** | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 51 μΩ·cm at 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 22 W/m·K at 20°C | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 13.9 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | **Magnetic Permeability** | Essentially non-magnetic | --- ### **Mechanical Properties** Typical mechanical properties for Monel 405 forgings: | Condition | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | Elongation (%) | Reduction of Area (%) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Solution Annealed** | 580-720 MPa (84-104 ksi) | 280-420 MPa (41-61 ksi) | 30-40 | 45-60 | | **As-Forged** | 620-760 MPa (90-110 ksi) | 410-550 MPa (60-80 ksi) | 25-35 | 40-55 | **Machinability Rating:** 30% (Compared to 20% for Monel 400) --- ### **International Standards** | Standard Organization | Standard Number | Specification | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ASTM** | ASTM B564 | Standard Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings | | **ASME** | SB-564 | Nickel Alloy Forgings for Pressure Components | | **SAE** | AMS 4674 | Free-Machining Nickel-Copper Alloy Bars and Forgings | | **DIN** | 2.4362 | NiCu30FeS Forgings | | **EN** | EN 10204 | Metallic Products - Types of Inspection Documents | | **UNS** | N04405 | Alloy 405 | --- ### **Forging Processes & Capabilities** **Forging Methods:** - **Open-Die Forgings:** For large, simple shapes - **Closed-Die Forgings:** For complex, net-shape components - **Ring Rolling:** For circular and annular components - **Press Forgings:** For high-volume production - **Hammer Forgings:** For traditional forging applications **Forging Temperature Range:** - **Heating Temperature:** 1800-2200°F (982-1204°C) - **Forging Temperature:** 1600-2000°F (871-1093°C) - **Finishing Temperature:** Not below 1600°F (871°C) **Heat Treatment:** - Solution Annealing: 1600-1650°F (871-899°C) - Quenching: Water or rapid air cool - Stress Relieving: 800-1000°F (427-538°C) --- ### **Product Applications** **Marine & Offshore:** - Propeller shafts and components - Submarine parts - Marine valve bodies - Shipbuilding components - Offshore platform hardware **Chemical Processing:** - Reactor vessel components - Agitator shafts - Valve bodies and stems - Pump casings and impellers - Mixer components **Oil & Gas Industry:** - Wellhead components - Christmas tree parts - Valve and gate bodies - Drill string components - Pressure vessel parts **Aerospace & Defense:** - Rocket motor components - Aircraft fittings - Missile parts - Engine components - Military hardware **Power Generation:** - Turbine components - Generator parts - Nuclear reactor components - Heat exchanger parts - Pump shafts for power plants --- ### **Machining Advantages** **Enhanced Machinability:** - Superior chip formation - short, broken chips - Excellent surface finish in machining operations - Extended tool life compared to Monel 400 - Higher machining speeds achievable - Reduced production time and cost **Recommended Machining Parameters:** - **Turning Speed:** 40-70 SFM - **Milling Speed:** 50-80 SFM - **Drilling Speed:** 30-50 SFM - **Feed Rates:** 0.005-0.015 inches per revolution - **Tool Material:** Carbide with positive rake angles --- ### **Quality Assurance** **Non-Destructive Testing:** - Ultrasonic Testing (UT) - Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) - Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) - Radiographic Testing (RT) - Visual Inspection **Destructive Testing:** - Tensile Testing - Impact Testing - Hardness Testing - Macro/Micro Examination - Corrosion Testing **Certification Requirements:** - Chemical Analysis Certification - Mechanical Test Reports - Heat Treatment Records - NDE Reports - Dimensional Inspection Reports --- ### **Key Advantages** - **Superior Mechanical Properties:** Enhanced strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance through grain refinement - **Enhanced Machinability:** 50% better machining characteristics than Monel 400 - **Improved Structural Integrity:** Forging eliminates porosity and voids common in castings - **Excellent Corrosion Resistance:** Maintains good resistance to seawater, acids, and alkaline solutions - **Better Fatigue Performance:** Aligned grain structure provides superior resistance to cyclic loading - **Non-Magnetic Characteristics:** Essential for sensitive electronic and marine applications - **Temperature Versatility:** Maintains performance from cryogenic to elevated temperatures (up to 400°C) - **Customizable Shapes:** Ability to produce complex geometries close to final dimensions **Design Considerations:** - Not recommended for high-temperature oxidizing applications above 400°C - Welding requires special procedures due to sulfur content - Optimal for components requiring both high strength and excellent machinability - Suitable for most corrosive services except highly oxidizing conditions --- ### **Industry Specifications** **Additional Standards:** - **NACE MR0175/ISO 15156:** For sour service applications - **API 6A:** Wellhead and Christmas tree equipment - **ASTM A388:** Ultrasonic examination of heavy steel forgings - **MIL-STD-1537:** Nondestructive testing requirements Monel 405 Forgings (UNS N04405) represent the premium choice for critical components requiring the highest levels of reliability, strength, and corrosion resistance combined with superior machinability. The forging process unlocks the full potential of this nickel-copper alloy, making it indispensable for applications where failure is not an option in marine, chemical processing, oil and gas, aerospace, and power generation industries.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1685 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.