Alloy 405，Monel 405 ，UNS N04405，EFORU

British Specs:，American Specs:AMS 4674 Bar and Forgings AMS 7234 QQ-N-281 MIL-N-894，German Specs:

### **Alloy 405 / Monel 405 (UNS N04405) - Product Introduction** **Overview** **Alloy 405**, commercially known as **Monel 405**, is a nickel-copper alloy specifically designed for improved machinability while maintaining the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of the Monel family. This free-machining variant contains added sulfur, which promotes the formation of small, broken chips during machining operations. Monel 405 is particularly suited for high-volume production of parts requiring extensive machining while maintaining good corrosion resistance in various environments. The UNS (Unified Numbering System) designation for this alloy is **N04405**. It retains the same general corrosion resistance as Monel 400 but offers significantly better machinability, making it an economical choice for complex components produced through machining. --- ### **Chemical Composition** The chemical composition is similar to Monel 400 but with controlled sulfur addition for improved machinability. | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Nickel (Ni)** | 63.0 (Minimum) | | **Copper (Cu)** | 28.0 - 34.0 | | **Iron (Fe)** | 2.5 (Maximum) | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 2.0 (Maximum) | | **Carbon (C)** | 0.3 (Maximum) | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.5 (Maximum) | | **Sulfur (S)** | 0.025 - 0.060 | **Key Point:** The controlled addition of sulfur (0.025-0.060%) creates manganese sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers, significantly improving machinability while maintaining good corrosion resistance. --- ### **Physical Properties** Monel 405 exhibits physical properties nearly identical to Monel 400. | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | | **Electrical Resistivity** | ~51 μΩ·cm at 20°C | | **Thermal Conductivity** | ~22 W/m·K at 20°C | | **Thermal Expansion Coefficient** | 13.9 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | **Magnetic Response** | Essentially non-magnetic | --- ### **Mechanical Properties** Typical mechanical properties for Monel 405 in annealed condition: | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Strength** | 550 - 690 MPa (80 - 100 ksi) | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 240 - 380 MPa (35 - 55 ksi) | | **Elongation** | 35 - 45% | | **Machinability Rating** | 30% (Compared to 20% for Monel 400) | --- ### **International Standards** Monel 405 is covered by several international standards: | Standard Organization | Standard Number & Title | Product Form | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ASTM International** | **ASTM B164** - Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire | Rod, Bar, Wire | | **ASME** | **SB-164** - Identical to ASTM B164 for ASME Code use | Pressure Components | | **SAE (AMS)** | **AMS 4674** - Free-Machining Nickel-Copper Alloy Bars | Bar | | **UNS** | **N04405** | All Forms | | **DIN** | **DIN 17743** / **NiCu30Fe** (Material No. 2.4362) | All Forms | --- ### **Product Applications** Monel 405 is specifically chosen for applications requiring extensive machining combined with good corrosion resistance: * **Automated Machining:** * Screw machine products (nuts, bolts, fittings) * High-volume production of complex parts * Valve and pump components * Fasteners and fittings * **Chemical Processing:** * Machined valve components (stems, seats, plugs) * Pump shafts and impellers * Custom fittings and adapters * Instrumentation parts * **Marine Engineering:** * Machined marine hardware * Propeller shafts (for smaller vessels) * Submarine components * Naval architecture fittings * **General Engineering:** * Bushings and bearings * Gears and sprockets * Shafts and spindles * Custom machined components for corrosive service --- ### **Key Advantages and Characteristics** * **Excellent Machinability:** The sulfur addition significantly improves machinability, allowing for higher cutting speeds, better surface finish, and longer tool life compared to Monel 400. * **Good Corrosion Resistance:** Maintains good resistance to seawater, acids, and alkaline environments, though slightly less than Monel 400 in some severe conditions due to sulfur content. * **High Strength:** Retains good mechanical properties from cryogenic temperatures up to about 540°C (1000°F). * **Economic Production:** Reduces machining time and cost for complex components, making it economically favorable for high-volume production. * **Non-Magnetic:** Essentially non-magnetic, suitable for applications where magnetic materials are undesirable. * **Good Weldability:** Can be welded using standard techniques, though the sulfur content may affect weld quality; proper procedures must be followed. **Note:** While Monel 405 offers superior machinability, the sulfur addition may slightly reduce corrosion resistance in some extremely aggressive environments and can affect weldability. Therefore, material selection should consider the specific application requirements, balancing machinability needs with corrosion resistance and weldability. In summary, **Alloy 405 / Monel 405 (UNS N04405)** is the preferred choice when excellent machinability is required for the production of corrosion-resistant components, particularly in automated and high-volume manufacturing environments.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1676 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.