200/201 Nickel Alloy,ASTM B162,E FORU

### **Nickel 200 & 201 Alloy (UNS N02200 / N02201) - Commercially Pure Nickel** #### **Overview** **Nickel 200 (UNS N02200)** and **Nickel 201 (UNS N02201)** are commercially pure, wrought nickel alloys known for their excellent corrosion resistance, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and superior magnetic and magnetostrictive properties. The key difference between the two grades lies in their carbon content: Nickel 200 has a maximum carbon content of 0.15%, while Nickel 201 has a very low maximum carbon content of 0.02%. This distinction makes **Nickel 201 the preferred choice for applications involving temperatures above 600°F (315°C)**. At elevated temperatures, Nickel 200 can become embrittled due to the precipitation of graphite at grain boundaries from the higher carbon content. Nickel 201's low carbon content prevents this, ensuring microstructural stability and ductility in high-temperature service. **ASTM B162** is the standard specification for nickel plate, sheet, and strip produced from these alloys. --- #### **Chemical Composition (Weight % - Typical)** The chemical composition is defined by ASTM B162 for both alloys. | Element | Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) | Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Nickel (Ni)** | **≥ 99.0** | **≥ 99.0** | | **Copper (Cu)** | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.25 | | **Iron (Fe)** | ≤ 0.40 | ≤ 0.40 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | ≤ 0.35 | ≤ 0.35 | | **Carbon (C)** | **≤ 0.15** | **≤ 0.02** | | **Silicon (Si)** | ≤ 0.35 | ≤ 0.35 | | **Sulfur (S)** | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.01 | *The high nickel content (≥99%) is responsible for the alloy's fundamental characteristics: resistance to corrosive environments, especially caustics, and excellent performance in reducing atmospheres.* --- #### **Physical & Mechanical Properties** The following table outlines the key properties of Nickel 200/201. | Property | Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 8.89 g/cm³ (0.321 lb/in³) | | **Melting Point** | 1440 °C (2625 °F) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 70 W/m·K (at 20°C) | | **Specific Heat (20°C)** | 444 J/kg·K | | **Electrical Resistivity** | 0.096 μΩ·m | | **Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | 13.3 μm/m·°C (20-100°C) | | **Modulus of Elasticity (Elastic Modulus)** | 204 GPa (30 x 10⁶ psi) | | **Tensile Strength (Annealed Sheet)** | 380 - 550 MPa (55 - 80 ksi) | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset, Annealed Sheet)** | 100 - 240 MPa (15 - 35 ksi) | | **Elongation (Annealed Sheet)** | 40% - 50% | --- #### **Key Characteristics & Applications** **Key Characteristics:** 1. **Excellent Corrosion Resistance:** Good resistance to neutral and alkaline salts, mild oxidizing and reducing acids, and dry gases like chlorine and hydrogen chloride. Its most notable property is **exceptional resistance to all concentrations of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)** at all temperatures. 2. **High Thermal and Electrical Conductivity:** Offers conductivity significantly higher than nickel-chromium or nickel-copper alloys. 3. **Low Gas Permeability:** Very low permeability to gases, making it an excellent choice for hermetic seals in electronics. 4. **Good Ductility and Formability:** Can be readily formed and welded by standard commercial methods. 5. **Magnetic Properties:** Nickel 200/201 is magnetically soft (low coercive force) and exhibits a high Curie temperature, making it useful for magnetic shielding. **Typical Applications:** * **Caustic Handling:** Equipment for the production and handling of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), including evaporator tubes, reactor vessels, and transfer piping. * **Chemical Processing:** Vessels and piping for handling fluorine, salts, organic compounds, and various acids (e.g., fatty acids). * **Food Processing:** Equipment where product purity is critical, as the non-toxic, corrosion-resistant surface prevents contamination. * **Aerospace & Electronics:** * Magnetostrictive devices and transducers. * Electron tube components (anodes, cathodes, grids). * Magnetic shielding for sensitive instruments. * Lead frames and semiconductor processing equipment. * **Synthetic Fiber Production:** Spinnerets for the production of rayon and other synthetic fibers. --- #### **International Standards** Nickel 200 and 201 are covered by a wide range of international standards for various product forms. | Product Form | Standard | Alloy / Description | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Plate, Sheet, Strip** | **ASTM B162** | The primary standard for Nickel 200 (UNS N02200) and Nickel 201 (UNS N02201) in plate, sheet, and strip form. | | **Seamless Pipe & Tube** | ASTM B161 / B730 | UNS N02200 / N02201 | | **Bar, Rod, Wire** | ASTM B160 | UNS N02200 / N02201 | | **Forgings** | ASTM B564 | UNS N02200 / N02201 | | **European Standard (Flat Prod.)** | **EN 10095 / NW 2201** | The European designation for low-carbon nickel (Ni 99.2), equivalent to Nickel 201. | | **ISO Standard** | **ISO 9723 / NW 2201** | International standard for wrought nickel. | | **UNS** | **N02200 / N02201** | Unified Numbering System. | | **ASME** | **SB-162** | Equivalent to ASTM B162 for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications. | --- #### **Summary** In summary, **Nickel 200 and Nickel 201 (ASTM B162)** are versatile, commercially pure nickel alloys valued for their unique combination of corrosion resistance, high conductivity, and fabricability. The critical selection factor between them is service temperature; **Nickel 200 is suitable for general corrosion service up to 600°F (315°C), while Nickel 201 must be specified for high-temperature applications to prevent embrittlement.** Their widespread use in demanding industries like chemical processing, electronics, and aerospace, backed by comprehensive international standardization, underscores their reliability and performance.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 3206 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.