Lithium SelenideCAS #: 12136-60-6

Synonyms

 Dilithium selenide; lithium selenidolithium

Compound Formula: Li2Se 

Molecular Weight: 92.842 

Appearance: solid 

Melting Point: N/A 

Boiling Point: N/A 

Density: N/A 

Solubility in H2O: N/A 

Exact Mass: 93.94853 

Monoisotopic Mass: 93.948532 Da

Product Introduction: Sodium Hexafluorophosphate (NaPF₆, CAS #: 12136-60-6)

Sodium hexafluorophosphate, chemically represented as NaPF₆ with the CAS registry number 12136-60-6, is a versatile inorganic salt that has emerged as a key material in the rapidly growing field of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and beyond. Comprising sodium cations (Na⁺) and hexafluorophosphate anions (PF₆⁻), this white crystalline compound combines high solubility in organic solvents with robust electrochemical stability, making it a valuable asset in energy storage and specialty chemical processes. As industries seek cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to lithium-based technologies, NaPF₆ has gained attention for its ability to leverage sodium’s natural abundance while delivering reliable performance.

Market Outlook and Growth Drivers

The demand for NaPF₆ is poised for significant growth, driven by several key factors:

Sodium-Ion Battery Expansion: With the global SIB market projected to reach $15 billion by 2030 (per industry reports), NaPF₆ is positioned as a critical electrolyte component. Its compatibility with low-cost SIB chemistries makes it a preferred choice for grid-scale energy storage, where material costs and long-term stability are paramount.

Cost Advantages: Compared to lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆), NaPF₆ offers a 30–40% lower production cost due to sodium’s abundance (2.3% of Earth’s crust vs. lithium’s 0.002%). This cost differential is accelerating its adoption in large-scale applications, including renewable energy storage systems and low-cost electric vehicles.

Diversification of Applications: Beyond batteries, NaPF₆ is finding increased use in ionic liquid synthesis and pharmaceutical fluorination, with annual growth rates of 8–10% in these sectors. Its role as a catalyst in fine chemical production is also expanding, driven by demand for greener synthesis methods.

Detailed Comparison with Competing Salts

NaPF₆ outperforms or complements other sodium-based electrolyte salts in key metrics:

Salt

Ionic Conductivity (mS/cm)

Thermal Stability (°C)

Cost ($/kg)

Compatibility with SIB Cathodes

NaPF₆

8–12

>200

40–60

Excellent (Prussian blue, layered oxides)

NaBF₄

5–8

>300

35–50

Good (limited to low-voltage cathodes)

NaClO₄

7–10

>400

50–70

Poor (oxidizes organic solvents at >3.5 V)

NaFSI

10–15

>250

120–150

Excellent (high cost limits scalability)

Key Edge: NaPF₆ strikes a balance between conductivity, stability, and cost, outperforming NaBF₄ in ion transport and NaClO₄ in safety, while remaining far more affordable than specialty salts like NaFSI. Its ability to form a stable SEI layer on hard carbon anodes further distinguishes it in SIBs.

Latest Research and Technological Advancements

Recent studies have enhanced NaPF₆’s performance and expanded its applications:

Electrolyte Formulation Innovations: Researchers at Tsinghua University developed a NaPF₆-based electrolyte with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additives, improving SIB cycle life to 5,000 cycles with 85% capacity retention—achieved by reinforcing the SEI layer with LiF-like components.

High-Temperature Stability: A 2024 study in Energy Storage Materials demonstrated that NaPF₆ electrolytes with phosphazene-based flame retardants maintain functionality at 120°C, reducing thermal runaway risks in SIBs used in desert or industrial environments.

Hybrid Battery Systems: NaPF₆ is being integrated into Li-Na hybrid batteries, where it stabilizes sodium ion transport in lithium-rich electrolytes, enabling energy densities of 300+ Wh/kg while reducing lithium usage by 40%.

Manufacturing Process Optimization

Advancements in synthesis have improved NaPF₆ purity and reduced production costs:

Continuous Flow Synthesis: A new industrial process uses microreactor technology to produce NaPF₆ with 99.9% purity, reducing impurity levels (e.g., NaF, PF₅) to <5 ppm. This method cuts energy consumption by 20% compared to batch synthesis.

Moisture Control: In-line drying systems with molecular sieves now maintain moisture levels <10 ppm during production, eliminating HF formation during storage and extending shelf life to 18 months.

Byproduct Recycling: Waste streams from NaPF₆ production (e.g., excess HF, Na₂HPO₄) are now recycled to produce fluorinated chemicals and fertilizers, reducing environmental impact and creating circular economy value.

Safety Enhancements and Regulatory Compliance

Updated handling protocols and standards have improved NaPF₆’s safety profile:

Modified Packaging: New multi-layered aluminum-polymer bags with oxygen scavengers reduce moisture ingress by 90%, enabling storage in non-climate-controlled facilities for up to 6 months.

Global Certifications: Complies with UN3260 (corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s.) for transport, REACH registration in the EU, and OSHA standards for workplace exposure (PEL for fluoride: 2.5 mg/m³).

HF Mitigation: Advanced spill kits with calcium gluconate gel and neutralizing agents (e.g., magnesium oxide) are now standard, reducing response time to HF exposure incidents.

Packaging, Sourcing, and Technical Support

Custom Solutions: Available in bulk (50kg–1 ton super sacks) for battery manufacturers, and as pre-mixed electrolytes (0.5–1.2 M in solvent blends) for research labs. Ultra-high-purity grades (99.99%) with <1 ppm metals are offered for semiconductor applications.

Global Supply Chain: Major producers include Solvay (Europe), Shanghai Fluorine Chemical (China), and 3M (North America), with regional distribution centers ensuring 48-hour delivery in key markets.

Technical Collaboration: Our team provides electrolyte formulation support, including solubility testing and compatibility studies with custom cathode materials, to optimize NaPF₆ performance in specific applications.

For inquiries on bulk pricing, sustainability reports, or research partnerships, contact our NaPF₆ technical team—specialists in advancing sodium-based energy storage and chemical innovation.

Health & Safety Information

 Signal Word: Danger 

Hazard Statements: H261-H301+H331-H373-H410 

Hazard Codes: F, T, N 

Precautionary Statements: P223-P231+P232-P260-P264-P270-P271-P273-P280-P301+P310-P304+P340-P314 

Risk Codes: N/A 

Safety Statements: N/A 

Transport Information: UN 3134 4.3(6.1)/ PG II 

GHS Pictogram: Image,Image,Image,Image

Chemical Identifiers

 Linear Formula: Li2Se 

Pubchem CID: 82935 

MDL Number: N/A 

EC No.: 235-230-2 

IUPAC Name: lithium selenidolithium 

Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A 

SMILES: [Li][Se][Li] 

InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2Li.Se 

InchI Key: PEXNRZDEKZDXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Packing of Standard Packing: 

Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 735 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.