Aluminium-yttrium Master Alloy，Aluminium yttrium Alloy，AlY Alloy，E FORU

**Product Datasheet: Aluminium-Yttrium Master Alloy (Al-Y Alloy)** **Version:** 1.0 | **Date:** 2025-04-02 --- ### **1. General Overview** Aluminium-Yttrium Master Alloy (Al-Y Alloy) is a specialized rare earth-containing master alloy that utilizes yttrium to significantly enhance high-temperature oxidation resistance, creep properties, and microstructural stability in aluminium alloys. Yttrium forms stable oxide films and intermetallic compounds that provide exceptional protection against high-temperature degradation, making it particularly valuable for aerospace, automotive, and power generation applications. --- ### **2. International Standards** Al-Y master alloys are specified in several international standards: - **ASTM:** ASTM B928 (High Magnesium Aluminum-Alloy Products) - **EN:** EN 1676 (Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Master alloys) - **GB/T:** GB/T 27677 (Aluminium-rare earth master alloys) - **AMS:** AMS 4459 (Aluminum-Rare Earth Alloy Sheet and Plate) - **ISO:** ISO 209-1 (Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys) - **Typical Master Alloy Grades:** Al-5%Y, Al-10%Y, Al-15%Y, Al-20%Y --- ### **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** Typical composition ranges for Al-Y master alloy: | Element | Content (%) | Role & Remarks | |------------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------| | Yttrium (Y) | 2.0 – 20.0 | Primary rare earth element | | Other RE Elements | ≤ 2.0 | May include heavy rare earths | | Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.15 | Impurity control | | Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.10 | Impurity control | | Magnesium (Mg) | 0 – 6.0 | Optional addition for enhanced properties| | Zirconium (Zr) | 0 – 2.0 | Optional addition for thermal stability | | Other Impurities | ≤ 0.08 total | — | | Aluminium (Al) | Balance | Base metal | --- ### **4. Physical Properties** | Property | Value / Range | |---------------------------|-----------------------------------| | Density | 2.9 – 3.8 g/cm³ | | Melting Range | 660 – 1522°C (Y melts at 1522°C) | | Intermetallic Phases | Al₃Y, Al₂Y, AlY, AlY₃ | | Thermal Conductivity | 90 – 140 W/m·K | | Electrical Conductivity | 30 – 45 % IACS | | Vickers Hardness | 65 – 135 HV | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 20–23 × 10⁻⁶/K | --- ### **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** - **Exceptional Oxidation Resistance:** Forms protective Y₂O₃ and YAlO₃ scales - **High-Temperature Stability:** Maintains mechanical properties up to 450°C - **Superior Creep Resistance:** Excellent resistance to deformation under sustained load - **Grain Refinement:** Effective grain size control through Al₃Y nucleation - **Corrosion Resistance:** Enhanced resistance to various corrosive environments - **Hydrogen Trapping:** Reduces hydrogen porosity in castings --- ### **6. Product Applications** - **Aerospace Components:** Turbine blades, engine parts, heat shields - **Automotive Applications:** Pistons, cylinder heads, turbocharger components - **Power Generation:** Heat exchangers, combustion chamber components - **Nuclear Industry:** Structural components requiring oxidation resistance - **Additive Manufacturing:** Specialty powders for high-temperature 3D printing - **Chemical Processing:** Equipment for high-temperature corrosive environments - **Military Applications:** Missile components, rocket motor parts --- ### **7. Available Forms** - **Master Alloy:** Ingots, notch bars, granules - **Special Forms:** Powder for additive manufacturing, custom shapes - **High-Purity Grades:** 99.95% for critical applications - **Standard Sizes:** 2–10 kg ingots --- ### **8. Technical Guidelines for Use** - **Addition Rate:** 0.1–2.0% Y to the melt (typically 0.2–0.8% for optimal effects) - **Melt Temperature:** 760–850°C - **Holding Time:** 30–70 minutes for complete reaction - **Stirring:** Moderate mechanical stirring recommended - **Casting Temperature:** 710–770°C - **Heat Treatment:** Solution treatment at 520–590°C, aging at 325–425°C --- ### **9. High-Temperature Oxidation Performance** | Temperature (°C) | Oxidation Rate (mg/cm²·h) | Scale Adherence | Yttrium Effect | |------------------|---------------------------|-----------------|----------------| | **400** | 0.08–0.15 | Excellent | Significant | | **450** | 0.15–0.25 | Very Good | Pronounced | | **500** | 0.25–0.40 | Good | Moderate | | **550** | 0.40–0.70 | Fair | Limited | --- ### **10. Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperatures** | Temperature (°C) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Creep Rupture Life (h) | Oxidation Resistance | |------------------|---------------------|------------------------|---------------------| | **25** | 280–350 | — | Excellent | | **300** | 220–280 | 800–1200 | Excellent | | **400** | 180–230 | 400–700 | Very Good | | **450** | 150–190 | 200–400 | Good | --- ### **11. Comparison with Other Rare Earth Elements** | Rare Earth | Oxidation Resistance | High-Temp Strength | Cost | Availability | |------------|---------------------|-------------------|------|--------------| | **Yttrium** | Outstanding | Excellent | Medium | Good | | **Scandium** | Good | Excellent | Very High | Limited | | **Cerium** | Very Good | Good | Low | Excellent | | **Lanthanum** | Good | Good | Low | Good | --- ### **12. Quality Control Parameters** - Yttrium content consistency (±0.15%) - Homogeneous distribution of Al₃Y particles - Low gas content (hydrogen < 0.10 ml/100g) - Controlled oxide inclusion levels - High-temperature performance certification --- ### **13. Health, Safety & Handling** - **Low Toxicity:** Yttrium compounds generally have low toxicity - **Dust Control:** Avoid inhalation of fine particles during processing - **Personal Protection:** Standard foundry PPE required - **Ventilation:** Adequate fume extraction recommended - **Storage:** Dry, controlled environment to prevent oxidation - **Disposal:** Follow standard metal disposal protocols --- ### **14. Economic & Supply Considerations** - **Cost Factors:** Moderate cost with stable pricing - **Supply Security:** Good availability as most abundant rare earth after cerium - **Processing Requirements:** Standard aluminium processing equipment suitable - **Recycling:** Compatible with standard aluminium recycling practices --- ### **15. Specialized Applications Detail** **Aerospace Turbine Components:** - Excellent oxidation resistance at high temperatures - Good creep properties for rotating components - Microstructural stability under thermal cycling **Automotive Pistons and Cylinder Heads:** - Enhanced high-temperature strength - Improved oxidation resistance - Reduced thermal expansion --- ### **16. Research & Development Trends** - **Nanoscale Oxide Dispersion:** Yttria nanoparticle reinforcement - **Multi-element Systems:** Al-Y-Zr and Al-Y-Sc complex alloys - **Additive Manufacturing:** Optimized powders for aerospace 3D printing - **Coatings Technology:** Yttrium-containing protective coatings - **Sustainable Alloy Design:** Development of high-performance recyclable alloys --- ### **Disclaimer** This information is provided for technical reference only. Properties and performance may vary based on specific application conditions, processing parameters, and base alloy composition. Yttrium-containing alloys require careful process control to achieve optimal high-temperature properties. Users are advised to conduct comprehensive testing to determine suitability for their specific applications, particularly for high-temperature service conditions. Always follow good manufacturing practices and safety guidelines, and consult with materials engineering specialists for critical applications in aerospace, automotive, and power generation sectors.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2322 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.