Aluminium-titanium Master Alloy，Aluminium titanium Alloy，AlTi Alloy，E FORU

**Product Datasheet: Aluminium-Titanium Master Alloy (Al-Ti Alloy)** **Version:** 1.0 | **Date:** 2025-04-02 --- ### **1. General Overview** Aluminium-Titanium Master Alloy (Al-Ti Alloy) is one of the most fundamental and widely used grain refining alloys in the aluminium industry. Titanium serves as a potent grain refiner through the formation of Al₃Ti intermetallic particles that act as heterogeneous nucleation sites during solidification. This master alloy is essential for producing fine-grained, high-quality aluminium castings with improved mechanical properties, reduced hot tearing, and enhanced surface finish. --- ### **2. International Standards** Al-Ti master alloys are governed by numerous international standards: - **ASTM:** ASTM B179 (Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and Molten Forms) - **ISO:** ISO 209-1 (Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys) - **EN:** EN 1676 (Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Master alloys) - **AA:** Aluminum Association standards for grain refinement - **JIS:** JIS H 2118 (Aluminium alloy master alloys) - **GB/T:** GB/T 8734 (Aluminium alloy master alloys) - **Typical Master Alloy Grades:** Al-3%Ti, Al-5%Ti, Al-10%Ti, Al-15%Ti --- ### **3. Chemical Composition (Weight %)** Typical composition ranges for Al-Ti master alloy: | Element | Content (%) | Role & Remarks | |---------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------| | Titanium (Ti) | 2.0 – 15.0 | Primary grain refining element | | Boron (B) | 0 – 1.0 | Optional addition for enhanced refinement| | Iron (Fe) | ≤ 0.25 | Impurity control | | Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.20 | Impurity control | | Copper (Cu) | ≤ 0.05 | Impurity control | | Vanadium (V) | ≤ 0.05 | Impurity control | | Other Impurities | ≤ 0.15 total | — | | Aluminium (Al) | Balance | Base metal | --- ### **4. Physical Properties** | Property | Value / Range | |---------------------------|-----------------------------------| | Density | 2.8 – 3.4 g/cm³ | | Melting Range | 660 – 1668°C (Ti melts at 1668°C) | | Intermetallic Phases | Al₃Ti (primary), AlTi, AlTi₃ | | Thermal Conductivity | 100 – 150 W/m·K | | Electrical Conductivity | 35 – 50 % IACS | | Vickers Hardness | 60 – 120 HV | | Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 20–23 × 10⁻⁶/K | --- ### **5. Key Characteristics & Advantages** - **Excellent Grain Refinement:** Reduces grain size by 70–90% in castings - **Improved Mechanical Properties:** Enhances strength, ductility, and toughness - **Reduced Hot Tearing:** Minimizes casting defects in complex geometries - **Enhanced Surface Finish:** Produces superior casting surface quality - **Cost-Effective:** Economical solution for quality improvement - **Wide Compatibility:** Effective across all aluminium alloy systems --- ### **6. Product Applications** - **Foundry Castings:** Sand castings, permanent mold castings, die castings - **Wrought Products:** Sheet, plate, extrusions, and forgings - **Automotive Components:** Wheels, engine blocks, structural parts - **Aerospace Structures:** Airframe components, structural castings - **Building Materials:** Architectural extrusions, structural members - **Consumer Goods:** Cookware, furniture, sporting equipment - **Electrical Conductors:** Bus bars, power transmission lines --- ### **7. Available Forms** - **Master Alloy:** Ingots, notch bars, waffle plates - **Special Forms:** Rods, granules for automated feeding - **Standard Sizes:** 5–20 kg ingots - **Composite Variants:** Al-Ti-B alloys for enhanced performance --- ### **8. Technical Guidelines for Use** - **Addition Rate:** 0.1–0.3% Ti to the melt (typically 0.01–0.05% effective Ti) - **Melt Temperature:** 720–780°C - **Holding Time:** 15–30 minutes for complete dissolution - **Stirring:** Moderate mechanical stirring recommended - **Treatment Window:** Effective grain refinement for 2–4 hours - **Cooling Rate:** Works effectively across various solidification rates --- ### **9. Grain Refinement Performance** | Ti Content (%) | Grain Size Reduction (%) | Yield Strength Improvement (%) | Hot Tearing Reduction (%) | |----------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------| | **0.05–0.10** | 50–70 | 15–25 | 30–50 | | **0.10–0.15** | 70–85 | 20–30 | 50–70 | | **0.15–0.20** | 80–90 | 25–35 | 60–75 | | **> 0.20** | 85–95 | 30–40 | 70–80 | --- ### **10. Comparison with Other Grain Refiners** | Grain Refiner | Efficiency | Cost | Fade Time | Applications | |---------------|------------|------|-----------|--------------| | **Al-Ti** | Very Good | Low | 2–4 hours | General purpose | | **Al-Ti-B** | Excellent | Medium | 4–8 hours | Premium applications | | **Al-Ti-C** | Excellent | High | 6–10 hours | Special applications | | **Al-B** | Good | Low | 1–3 hours | Electrical conductors | --- ### **11. Quality Control Parameters** - Titanium content consistency (±0.1%) - Al₃Ti particle size and distribution - Grain refinement efficiency testing - Low gas content (hydrogen < 0.15 ml/100g) - Chemical composition certification --- ### **12. Health, Safety & Handling** - **Standard Handling:** Generally safe with standard precautions - **Dust Control:** Avoid inhalation of fine particles during processing - **Personal Protection:** Standard foundry PPE required - **Ventilation:** Adequate fume extraction recommended - **Storage:** Dry conditions to prevent oxidation - **Disposal:** Follow standard metal disposal protocols --- ### **13. Metallurgical Mechanisms** - **Peritectic Reaction:** L + Al₃Ti → α-Al at 665°C - **Heterogeneous Nucleation:** Al₃Ti particles act as nucleation sites - **Crystal Structure:** Al₃Ti has tetragonal DO₂₂ structure - **Lattice Matching:** Good lattice match with aluminium promotes nucleation --- ### **14. Economic Benefits** - **Cost Efficiency:** Titanium is relatively economical as a refiner - **Quality Improvement:** Significant enhancement of casting quality - **Yield Increase:** Reduced scrap rates and improved productivity - **Versatility:** Single solution for multiple alloy systems --- ### **15. Research & Development Trends** - **Nanoscale Refinement:** Development of nano-sized Al₃Ti particles - **Multi-element Systems:** Al-Ti-B-C complex refiners - **Additive Manufacturing:** Grain control in 3D printed aluminium - **Recycling Applications:** Improved grain structure in recycled alloys - **Process Optimization:** Real-time grain refinement monitoring --- ### **Disclaimer** This information is provided for technical reference only. Properties and performance may vary based on specific application conditions, processing parameters, and cooling rates. The optimal titanium content and addition method should be determined for each specific application. Users are advised to conduct thorough testing to verify suitability for their intended use. Always follow good foundry practices and safety guidelines. For critical applications, consult with materials engineering specialists to optimize grain refinement parameters.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 2317 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.