2016 Aluminum alloy,Aluminum 2016 alloy,E FORU

### **2016 Aluminum Alloy Product Introduction** **Overview** 2016 Aluminum Alloy is a high-strength, heat-treatable aluminum-copper-silicon alloy. It is primarily known for its excellent machinability and good mechanical properties, which are comparable to the more widely known 2011 alloy. While it shares similarities with 2011, 2016 aluminum contains a small amount of silicon, which improves its casting characteristics and overall strength. It is supplied in a heat-treated condition (T4 or T6 temper) to achieve its optimal properties and is extensively used in automatic screw machines and for high-precision turned components. --- #### **1. Chemical Composition (Typical Weight %)** The chemical composition of 2016 Aluminum Alloy conforms to major international standards, as shown in the table below: | Element | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | Notes | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **Aluminum (Al)** | Balance | Balance | - | | **Copper (Cu)** | 2.2 | 3.0 | Primary strengthening element | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.6 | 1.2 | Improves castability and strength | | **Magnesium (Mg)** | 0.15 | 0.35 | Contributes to strength via heat treatment | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.20 | 0.40 | Improves strength and corrosion resistance | | **Iron (Fe)** | - | 0.7 | Impurity | | **Zinc (Zn)** | - | 0.30 | Impurity | | **Lead (Pb)** | 0.05 | 0.20 | **Crucial for free-machining properties** | | **Bismuth (Bi)** | 0.05 | 0.20 | **Crucial for free-machining properties** | | **Others (Each)** | - | 0.05 | - | | **Others (Total)** | - | 0.15 | - | **Key Point:** The presence of Lead (Pb) and Bismuth (Bi) forms small, soft particles within the aluminum matrix. These particles act as chip breakers during machining operations, resulting in short, broken chips, superior surface finish, and extended tool life. This makes 2016 a premier **free-machining alloy**. --- #### **2. Physical Properties** | Property | Value / Description | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 2.79 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³) | | **Melting Range** | ~ 510°C - 638°C (950°F - 1180°F) | | **Electrical Conductivity** | ~ 40-45% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | ~ 130-150 W/m·K | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion** | ~ 23.4 x 10⁻⁶/°C (20-100°C) | --- #### **3. Mechanical Properties (Typical for T4 & T6 Tempers)** Mechanical properties vary depending on the temper (heat treatment condition). | Temper | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | Elongation (% in 50mm) | Hardness | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **2016-T4** | min. 240 MPa (35 ksi) | min. 145 MPa (21 ksi) | min. 15% | ~ 75 HB | | **2016-T6** | min. 300 MPa (44 ksi) | min. 255 MPa (37 ksi) | min. 10% | ~ 95 HB | *Note: T4 temper is solution heat-treated and naturally aged, offering a good combination of strength and ductility. T6 temper is solution heat-treated and artificially aged, providing higher strength but slightly lower ductility.* --- #### **4. International Standards** 2016 Aluminum Alloy is recognized under several major international standards systems. | Standard System | Alloy Designation | Common Tempers | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **ISO** | **AlCu4SiMg** | T4, T6 | | **ASTM (USA)** | **2016** | T4, T6 | | **EN (Europe)** | **EN AW-2016** | T4, T6 | | **UNS (USA)** | **A92016** | - | | **JIS (Japan)** | **A2016** | T4, T6 | --- #### **5. Product Applications** Thanks to its exceptional free-machining characteristics and good strength, 2016 Aluminum Alloy is the material of choice for a wide range of high-volume, precision-machined components. * **Automotive Industry:** * Fuel system components * Pneumatic and hydraulic fittings * Sensor housings * Connectors and couplings * **Aerospace Industry:** * Non-critical structural fittings * Screw machine parts for control systems * **Hardware and Fasteners:** * High-strength screws, bolts, and nuts * Custom machined fasteners * Knobs and handles * **General Engineering:** * Shafts and gears * Valve bodies and parts * Camera components * Any component requiring extensive machining to tight tolerances with a fine surface finish. --- #### **6. Key Advantages & Considerations** * **Advantages:** * **Excellent Machinability:** One of the best machinability ratings among aluminum alloys, enabling high cutting speeds and superior surface finishes. * **Good Strength-to-Weight Ratio.** * **Good Corrosion Resistance (in certain environments):** Performs better than 2000-series alloys without copper, but not as well as 6000-series alloys in highly corrosive environments. * **Considerations:** * **Not Weldable:** The presence of copper and lead/bismuth makes it susceptible to hot cracking and is generally not recommended for fusion welding. * **Corrosion Resistance:** Its corrosion resistance is lower than that of alloys like 6061 or 3003, and it may require protective coatings or anodizing for harsh environments. * **Lead Content:** The lead content may be a concern for applications with strict RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) or other environmental regulations. In such cases, lead-free alternatives like 6023 or 6262 should be considered. **Conclusion** 2016 Aluminum Alloy is a premium free-machining alloy designed for high-performance applications where precision, speed of production, and excellent surface finish are paramount. Its well-balanced combination of strength, machinability, and availability in various standard forms makes it an indispensable material for the screw machine and precision engineering industries worldwide.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1523 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.