2014-T4; 2014-T451 Aluminum alloy,Aluminum 2014-T4; 2014-T451 alloy,E FORU

### **Introduction to 2014 Aluminum Alloy (T4 & T451 Tempers)** **2014 Aluminum Alloy** is a high-strength alloy from the 2xxx series (Aluminum-Copper family). It is renowned for its excellent machinability and good strength-to-weight ratio. The alloy is primarily strengthened through solution heat treatment and subsequent natural or artificial aging. The **T4 temper** indicates that the material has been solution heat-treated and then naturally aged to a substantially stable condition. The **T451 temper** is a specific subset of T4, where the product has been stress-relieved by stretching after solution heat treatment to improve dimensional stability for subsequent machining. This makes 2014-T451 particularly suitable for high-precision components. --- ### **1. Chemical Composition** The typical chemical composition of 2014 Aluminum Alloy, as per international standards, is as follows (weight %): | Element | Content (%) | | :--- | :--- | | **Aluminum (Al)** | Balance | | **Copper (Cu)** | 3.9 - 5.0 | | **Silicon (Si)** | 0.50 - 1.2 | | **Manganese (Mn)** | 0.40 - 1.2 | | **Magnesium (Mg)** | 0.20 - 0.8 | | **Chromium (Cr)** | ≤ 0.10 | | **Zinc (Zn)** | ≤ 0.25 | | **Iron (Fe)** | ≤ 0.50 | | **Others (Each)** | ≤ 0.05 | | **Others (Total)** | ≤ 0.15 | *The high Copper content is the primary source of the alloy's strength, while Silicon and Magnesium contribute to its age-hardening response.* --- ### **2. Physical Properties** The typical physical properties of 2014 Aluminum Alloy in the T4/T451 temper are: | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Density** | 2.80 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³) | | **Melting Range** | ~ 507 - 638 °C (945 - 1180 °F) | | **Electrical Conductivity** | 34-40% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) | | **Thermal Conductivity** | 134 - 154 W/m·K | | **Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (20-100°C)** | 23.0 x 10⁻⁶/°C (12.8 x 10⁻⁶/°F) | | **Modulus of Elasticity (Elastic Modulus)** | 72.4 GPa (10.5 x 10⁶ psi) | | **Shear Modulus** | 28 GPa (4.0 x 10⁶ psi) | --- ### **3. Mechanical Properties (Typical)** Mechanical properties can vary with product form (sheet, plate, bar, forging) and exact temper. The following are typical minimum or average values for 2014-T4/T451: | Property | Value | | :--- | :--- | | **Tensile Strength** | 345 - 415 MPa (50 - 60 ksi) | | **Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)** | 200 - 240 MPa (29 - 35 ksi) | | **Elongation (in 50 mm / 2 in)** | 15 - 20% | | **Hardness (Brinell)** | ~ 105 HB | | **Fatigue Strength** | ~ 125 MPa (18 ksi) | --- ### **4. Key Characteristics & Applications** #### **Key Characteristics:** * **High Strength:** Offers good strength, especially in the heat-treated tempers. * **Excellent Machinability:** Considered one of the best machinable aluminum alloys, producing clean, broken chips. It is rated "A" (the highest rating) in the Aluminum Association system. * **Fair Weldability:** Can be welded using resistance welding methods (spot, seam), but arc welding (like MIG/TIG) is generally not recommended due to a high susceptibility to solidification cracking. * **Poor Corrosion Resistance:** The copper content makes it less resistant to corrosion, especially in marine environments, compared to alloys like 6061 or 5xxx series. It often requires alclad coating or paint for protection. * **Good Workability:** Can be formed in the T4 temper, which is softer than the fully aged T6 temper. #### **Primary Applications:** This alloy is widely used in high-stress structural applications, particularly where extensive machining is required. * **Aerospace:** Aircraft structures, truck frames, wing ribs, bulkheads, and other major airframe components. * **Military & Defense:** Armored vehicle components, weapon mounts, and structural parts. * **Automotive:** High-performance racing components, suspension parts, and powertrain structures. * **Industrial:** Forgings for mechanical components, screw machine products, and structural parts requiring high strength and machinability. --- ### **5. International Standards** 2014 Aluminum Alloy is recognized and specified by several major international standards organizations. | Standard Body | Standard Designation for 2014-T4/T451 | | :--- | :--- | | **Aluminum Association (AA)** | **AA 2014-T4, AA 2014-T451** (The foundational standard) | | **ASTM International** | **ASTM B209** (Sheet and Plate), **ASTM B211** (Bar, Rod, and Wire), **ASTM B247** (Forgings) | | **Aerospace (AMS)** | **AMS 4035** (Sheet & Plate), **AMS 4120** (Bar, Rod, and Wire) | | **ISO (International)** | **ISO AlCu4SiMg** (Chemical name), specified in standards like **ISO 6361** (Wrought Products) | | **European (EN)** | **EN AW-2014** / **EN 573-3** (Material Standard), Tempers: **T4, T4510** | | **Unified Numbering System (UNS)** | **UNS A92014** | --- ### **Summary** **2014-T4 and 2014-T451 Aluminum Alloys** are premier choices for high-strength, precision-machined components, particularly in the aerospace and defense industries. Their exceptional machinability and favorable strength in the T4 temper make them ideal for complex parts. However, designers must account for their relatively poor corrosion resistance and select appropriate protective measures for the intended service environment. The T451 temper is the preferred choice when superior dimensional stability during machining is critical.

Packing of Standard Packing: Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 1520 gallon liquid totes Special package is available on request.